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61.
《Journal of thoracic oncology》2021,16(9):1449-1460
Pulmonary immune-related adverse events represent rare but potentially severe side effects of immunotherapies. Diagnosis is often challenging, as symptoms and imaging features are not specific and may mimic other lung diseases, thus potentially delaying appropriate patient management. In this setting, an accurate imaging evaluation is essential for a prompt detection and correct management of these drug-induced lung diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the different types of pulmonary immune-related adverse events, describe their imaging characteristics on both high-resolution computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography and stress their underlying diagnostic challenge by presenting the mimickers. 相似文献
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63.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of additional bedtime H2‐receptor antagonists (H2RAs) in suppressing nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough (NAB) via a systematic review. METHODS: Eligible trials were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2004), MEDLINE (January 1966–June 2004), EMBASE (January 1980–June 2004) and CINAHL (January 1982–June 2004). Additional hand‐searching was conducted on the proceedings of correlated conferences, eight important Chinese journals and references of all included trials. All randomized controlled trials evaluating H2RAs for the control of NAB were eligible for inclusion. The systematic review was conducted using methods recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. RESULTS: Only two randomized crossover studies, comprising 32 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Because the design, dosage and duration of the treatments were different between the studies, it was not possible to conduct meta‐analysis. There were no consistent conclusions found between the two included studies in evaluating H2RAs for the control of NAB. CONCLUSIONS: No implications for practice at this stage can be concluded. Appropriately designed large‐scale randomized controlled trials with long‐term follow up are needed to determine the effects of additional bedtime H2RAs in suppressing NAB. 相似文献
64.
目的探讨谷氨酸是否能够影响腺苷A2A受体对一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力的调节。方法用1000ng/ml脂多糖(LPS)刺激小胶质细胞,分别加入100nmol/L A2A受体激动剂CGS21680以及不同浓度的谷氨酸(0,1,0,25,0,5mmol/L)干预,观察NOS活力变化。结果LPS诱导NOS活力增高,激活A2A受体可以产生抑制作用;0,25及0.5mmoL/L谷氨酸和A2A受体激动剂同时存在时,NOS活力进一步增高。结论高浓度谷氨酸可逆转腺苷A2A受体激动剂抑制升高NOS活力的作用。 相似文献
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66.
目的 了解代谢型谷氨酸受体mGlu2受体(mGluR2)基因、mGlu3受体(mGluR3)基因等与强迫谱系障碍(OCSDs)的连锁关系。方法 选取一个连续三代发病的强迫谱系障碍家系,采集到该家系中12个正常个体,8个受累个体的血样,选取mGluR2、mGluR3基因附近7对微卫星标记引物,采用两点和多点非参数分析的方法对该家系进行连锁分析。结果 7对微卫星标记位点的两点和多点非参数分析LOD值(NPL值),位于mGluR3基因附近的标记D7S644两点非参数分析NPL值为1.719(P=0.078),多点非参数分析NPL值为1.712(P=0.078),达到验证性连锁的阈值(NPL=1.2),但未达到提示性连锁的阕值(NPL=2.2),D7S2481两点非参数分析NPL值为0.628(P=0.179),多点非参数分析NPL值为0.852(P=0.141),接近验证性连锁的阈值,其余5对微卫星标记位点非参数分析NPL值均未达到验证性连锁的阈值。结论 提示mGluR3基因与OCSDs可能存在连锁关系,不能排除mGluR2基因与OCSDs的相关性。 相似文献
67.
Andreas Karatsaidis Olav Schreurs Kristen Helgeland Tony Axéll Karl Schenck 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2003,32(5):275-281
BACKGROUND: Common clinical forms of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) are erythematous (ERY) or reticular (RET). The purpose of this study was to find histopathological changes that differ between these forms. METHODS: Epithelial thickness, epithelial proliferation rate, apoptosis, and HLA-DR expression were compared among 10 reticular and 12 erythematous lesions, and 11 normal oral mucosa samples (NOM). RESULTS: The epithelium in ERY was thinner than in NOM, whereas RET showed values between ERY and NOM. Cell proliferation increased significantly in ERY as compared with RET and NOM, with no difference between RET and NOM. Relative numbers of epithelial cell nuclei displaying visible chromatin condensation were reduced in ERY form. CONCLUSIONS: The markedly increased cell proliferation in ERY supports the notion that this form displays a higher disease activity as compared to RET. It can therefore be important to study each disease form separately. 相似文献
68.
慢性Ⅳ型前列腺炎患者血PSA的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:探讨无症状性前列腺炎(NIH-IV)对血PSA的影响。方法:选择常规体检男性242例,慢性前列腺炎症状评分(CPSI)指数评分<8分。患者前列腺指诊及尿液分析未见异常,检查前先抽血查PSA,取前列腺按摩液(EPS)行白细胞计数,评估Ⅳ型前列腺炎发病情况,比较Ⅳ型前列腺炎及对照组的血PSA水平,并分析Ⅳ型前列腺炎患者EPS中白细胞的数目与PSA升高的相关性。结果:在242例体检男性中,Ⅳ型前列腺炎的发病率为34.3%(83/242)。Ⅳ型前列腺炎组与对照组间的年龄、前列腺体积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而PSA在Ⅳ型前列腺炎组为(2.88±2.60)μg/L,显著高于对照组(1.59±1.76)μg/L(P<0.05)。Ⅳ型前列腺炎组中PSA≥4μg/L的比例为13.3%(11/83),而对照组中PSA≥4μg/L的比例为4.4%(7/159),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Ⅳ型前列腺炎患者EPS中白细胞数目多少与PSA的高低并无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Ⅳ型前列腺炎亦是血PSA升高的原因之一。 相似文献
69.
Introduction The associations between vitamin D receptor (VDR) Bsm I and Fok I genotypes, parity, and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture were evaluated in a statewide population-based case-control study in Utah.Methods Women age 50–89 years with hip fracture (n=882) were ascertained via surveillance of 18 Utah hospitals from 1997 to 2001. Age-matched controls were randomly selected (n=897). Participants were interviewed in their homes, and blood samples were collected for genotyping.Results In logistic regression analyses that controlled for multiple confounders, Bsm I VDR genotype but not Fok I genotype was associated with risk of osteoporotic hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB genotype: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.95). In similar analyses, no overall association was observed between parity status and risk of osteoporotic hip fracture. However, the effect of VDR genotype was modified by parity status. Among nulliparous women (n=140), Bsm I genotype was not associated with risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.28, 2.4); among primiparous women (n=133), bb genotype was associated with increased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 3.30; 95% CI: 0.96, 11.29); among multiparous women (n=1,400), bb genotype was associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (OR bb vs. BB: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.84).Conclusion VDR Bsm I genotype was associated with risk of hip fracture in Utah women, and this effect was modified by parity status. Hormonal or lifestyle factors related to parity may underlie this interaction. 相似文献
70.
gnes Rimanczy Romana lamberov Noffar Bar Ilona Vathy 《International journal of developmental neuroscience》2006,24(4):241-248
Our previous work demonstrated that the hormone response to stress and the negative feedback inhibition to these hormones are sex-dependently altered by prenatal morphine exposure in adult rats. An alteration in the glucocorticoid negative feedback inhibition is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors (GR) that are distributed throughout the brain, and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) localized mainly in the hippocampus and involved in a tonic influence of brain functions. Therefore, the present study examined the binding characteristics of MR and GR in young adult male and female rats exposed prenatally (E11-E18) to morphine (10 mg/kg/2 x /day), saline or no treatment at all (controls). At 60-90 days of age, animals were adrenalectomized (ADX) 24 h prior to decapitation. The hippocampus and hypothalamus were dissected for saturation binding assays. The data demonstrate that prenatal stress due to maternal saline injections up-regulates MR and GR binding in the hippocampus of adult male rats and this effect is prevented by prenatal morphine exposure. There is no effect of prenatal morphine exposure on GR binding in the hypothalamus of males. In female rats, prenatal morphine exposure does not affect the binding of MR and GR in the hippocampus or GR in the hypothalamus relative to controls; however, they are affected by ovarian hormone fluctuation. Moreover, prenatal stress decreases MR binding in the hippocampus of diestrous females and GR binding in the hypothalamus of estrous females. Both decreases are prevented by prenatal morphine exposure. Thus, the present study demonstrates that: (1) prenatal stress due to maternal saline injections alters MR and GR binding of adult male and female rats and is prevented by prenatal morphine exposure; (2) the MR and GR binding in adult female rats are affected by ovarian hormone fluctuations. 相似文献