Contemporary bone loss options: Rebuild,reinforce, and augment

Bone loss is commonly encountered during revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Small defects can be adequately managed with cement filling (with or without screws), modular prosthetic augments, and morselized allograft. For larger defects, cancellous impaction grafting and structural allografts have traditionally been utilized. More recently, highly porous tantalum cones and titanium sleeves have been designed to achieve axial and rotational stability in the metaphysis and subsequent biologic fixation. Sleeves are linked to one type of prosthesis, whereas cones are unlinked and can be used with any implant design. Multiple studies have demonstrated excellent survivorship and radiographic osseointegration at mid-term follow-up. This article provides a review of contemporary methods of bone loss management with a focus on highly porous metals and an emphasis on the authors’ preferred method for managing the severe bone loss in revision TKA.     

解剖锁定钢板联合同种异体腓骨治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效的Meta分析

文题释义：肱骨近端骨折：肱骨近端包括肱骨头及大结节、小结节，中老年人骨质疏松及低能量损伤可导致肱骨近端骨折。 同种异体腓骨：取自于人体异体，经过加工处理，去除其免疫原性，保留其骨性结构，可用于移植修复骨缺损，起到支撑作用。 背景：肱骨近端骨折是临床常见骨折，但对肱骨近端内侧柱缺乏支撑的骨折目前仍是治疗难点，并发症常见，失败率较高。 目的：比较解剖锁定钢板联合同种异体腓骨与单纯解剖锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。 方法：使用计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Google Scholar、中国知网、万方、维普数据库，检索时间均从建库到2020年2月。检索国内外关于对比研究解剖锁定钢板联合同种异体腓骨与单纯解剖锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折疗效的文献。2名研究员根据纳入和排除标准分别独立筛选文献，提取数据，评估文献中的偏倚风险。纳入12篇相关文献使用RevMan 5.2软件将以下指标进行Meta分析，包括影像学数据、功能评分和并发症。结果与结论：①通过文献检索、根据纳入和排除标准，12篇文献纳入研究，其中11篇为回顾性队列研究，1篇为随机对照研究；纳入研究文献质量高，但GRADE证据质量级别较低。②共纳入958例患者，其中解剖锁定钢板联合同种异体腓骨组411例，单纯解剖锁定钢板组547例；③Meta分析结果显示，解剖锁定钢板联合同种异体腓骨组术后1年肱骨头高度差值(MD=-2.40，95%CI：-2.49至-2.31)、颈干角差值(MD= -6.14，95%CI：-6.62至-5.67)、目测类比评分(MD=-0.22，95%CI：-0.35至-0.08)、肩关节功能评分(MD=4.12，95%CI：2.18-6.06)，上肢伤残评分(MD=-10.32，95%CI：-13.44至-7.19)、术后2年的目测类比评分(MD=-0.37，95%CI：-0.55至-0.19)、肩关节功能评分(MD=5.07，95%CI：2.86-7.27)、总体并发症(OR=0.31，95%CI：0.20-0.48)及肱骨头螺钉切出(OR=0.25，95%CI：0.11-0.55)均明显优于单纯解剖锁定钢板组(P < 0.05)，肱骨头坏死(OR=0.94，95%CI：0.47-1.88)，两组间差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；④因此，较弱的证据提示，肱骨近端解剖锁定钢板联合同种异体腓骨治疗肱骨近端骨折的短期疗效优于解剖锁定钢板，可减少并发症的发生，促进功能恢复。ORCID: 0000-0002-8486-3932(阳运康) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

维生素B12和叶酸干预对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的观察叶酸和维生素B12对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响。方法 80例绝经后骨质疏松症妇女参加研究。所有参与者随机接受叶酸和维生素B12(n=40)或安慰剂(n=40)治疗。在干预前的基线及干预后3个月和6个月,测量两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物的水平。结果治疗前,两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者同型半胱氨酸均下降,但比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。6个月后各组间血清维生素B12、骨钙素、CTX的变化均有显著改变且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松症妇女补充叶酸和维生素B12可以一定程度改善同型半胱氨酸及骨代谢指标水平。     

A Simple Dressing Technique Following Dermofasciectomy and Full Thickness Skin Grafting of the Fingers in the Treatment of Severe Dupuytren’s Contracture

Dupuytren’s disease with severe finger contractures and recurrent contractures following previous surgery often have extensive skin involvement. In these severe cases, excision of the diseased chord along with the involved skin is a good option to reduce the risk of recurrance. The resulting skin defect can be covered with a full thickness skin graft (FTSG) or a cross finger flap. Cross finger flaps have donor finger morbidity and hence a full thickness graft is usually preferred. The FTSG extending to the midlateral margins on both sides of the finger reduces the risk of joint contracture due to graft shrinkage. Once the FTSG is sutured in place, the standard practice is to compress and secure the graft to its recipient bed with a tie-over dressing and this can be time consuming. We present a simple dressing technique to secure the FTSG without the need for a tie-over dressing.     

低密度脂蛋白在2型糖尿病骨质疏松中的作用研究进展

2型糖尿病及骨质疏松已成为我国最主要的慢性代谢性疾病。2型糖尿病常伴有血脂紊乱，常表现为低密度脂蛋白升高，而越来越多的研究表明血脂通过不同的方式影响骨代谢，其机制可能是通过抑制骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化，通过RANK/RNAKL/OPG信号通路及炎症反应调节破骨细胞等方式调节骨代谢。