生长激素分泌过多患者外周血淋巴细胞CD2mRNA的表达

应用ＲＮＡ斑点杂交法，测定了１２例生长激素（ＧＨ）分泌过多患者及１０例正常人外周血淋巴细胞ＣＤ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达，发现患者ＣＤ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达较之正常人有显著下降，提示ＧＨ分泌过多对Ｔ淋巴细胞ＣＤ２ｍＲＮＡ的表达有显著影响。此结果为研究内分泌系统产生的肽类激素对免疫系统的影响提供了新资料。     

Change in speaking fundamental frequency in hormone-treated patients with Turner's syndrome-a longitudinal study of four cases

Change in speaking fundamental frequency for four hormone-treated girls with Turner's syndrome was registered using two computerized analysis methods for a period of four years. The girls were treated with human growth hormone, oxandrolone and ethinyl estradiol. The overall pattern for three of the girls was a distinct decline in speaking fundamental frequency during the first year, while for the fourth patient the pattern of change was more complicated. For all four girls, the final pitch level was within the normal range for adult women. It is important that voice effects are taken into account in the hormonal treatment of Turner's syndrome and that patients are informed of the changes to be expected.     

子宫肌瘤患者GH-ICF-I轴与性激素的变化

目的:探讨GH-IGF-Ⅰ轴及性激素的变化与子宫肌瘤生长的关系。方法:选择年龄在30～55岁子宫肌瘤患者41例,其中增殖期21例,分泌期20例;年龄在33～53岁健康妇女40例作为对照组,其中增殖期21例,分泌期19例。采用免疫放射法(IRMA)测定血清生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-Ⅰ)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)水平;放射免疫法(RIA)测定血清雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)水平。结果:①肌瘤组分泌期GH、IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-3比对照组明显降低(P<0.01);而在增殖期肌瘤组的IGFBP-3比对照组也明显降低(P<0.05),但GH、IGF-Ⅰ则降低不明显;②增殖期肌瘤组的T水平较对照组明显降低(P<0.05);③子宫肌瘤组在增殖期IGF-Ⅰ与年龄呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.05),在分泌期IGF-Ⅰ与IGFBP-3呈显著的正相关(P<0.05),E_2与P无论在增殖期(P<0.01)还是分泌期均有显著的正相关(P<0.05)。与对照组明显不同的是T与E_2、与P的相关关系,及E_2与年龄的相关关系不存在了。而GH在增殖期与IGFBP-3呈正相关(P<0.05),与P也呈正相关(P<0.05),在分泌期GH与E_2则有非常显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:①GH轴的变化是由年龄决定的,随着年龄的增长,GH、IGF-Ⅰ、IGFBP-3相应的降低,在此过程中性激素,尤其E_2起主要调节作用。子宫肌瘤患者在增?     

Effect of pH,buffer concentration and buffer composition on the absorption of theophylline from the small intestine of the rat

The absorption of theophylline from the small intestine of the rat was investigated using buffer solutions of different pH (3.0–9.2), composition and concentration. The technique used, encloses luminal perfusion of an intestinal loop with collection of the blood draining the perfused loop, which enable calculation of absorption rates into the blood, disappearance rates from the lumen and mass balances. It was found, that in the presence of borate buffer, pH 9.2, the absorption rate of theophylline was decreased compared to the other perfusates. There was a significant difference between the absorption rate and the disappearance rate in the presence of phosphate and borate buffer. The low absorption rate in the presence of the borate buffer was attributed to a thickening effect of borate ions on intestinal mucus, thereby reducing the diffusion rate of theophylline. In another series of experiments, the absorption of caffeine was followed simultaneously and a Tris buffer was included to apply a pH of 9.2. In the presence of borate buffer, the absorption rate of both theophylline and caffeine was reduced compared to the other perfusates. In the presence of Tris buffers, there was a tendency to decreased absorption and disappearance rates for theophylline as wel as for caffeine. In the presence of phosphate and borate buffer, there was a difference between the absorption rate and the disappearance rate only for caffeine and not for theophylline. This was attributed to differences between the binding of caffeine and theophylline to intestinal mucus and/or tissue in the presence of phosphate and borate buffer.It was concluded, that buffers were not able to influence the pH at the membrane (microclimate pH). Furthermore, buffer components influenced the absorption process by affecting intestinal mucus and/or tissue. Thus, buffers should not be used in absorption studies.     

Effects of parenteral and oral administration of monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) on somatic growth in rats

The effects of parenterally and orally administered monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) on somatic growth were studied in rats. Neonatal rats receiving 10 s.c. injections of 4 g/kg body wt. showed hyperphagia only in the postweaning stage: at maturity they were obese, hyperlipidaemic and stunted, with reduced nasoanal and tail length, reduced endocrine and other organ weights and almost complete absence of neurons of the arcuate nucleus (AN). Low blood pressure and high heart rate were recorded in males. Infant rats receiving 10 injections of 4 g/kg of MSG showed milder disturbances. Neonatal or infant rats given repetitive doses of 0.2 or 0.5 g/kg showed parallel weight gains to those of controls. Weanling rats fed a diet containing 5% MSG for 10 days, following earlier intubation, consumed 7 g/kg body wt. per day of MSG without effect, their AN remaining normal. These data indicate that an adverse effect from MSG on somatic growth is not induced in so far as the AN neurons are not injured following any route of administration.     

Hormonal regulation of renal multidrug resistance-associated proteins 3 and 4 (Mrp3 and Mrp4) in mice

Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 3 and 4 (Mrp3 and Mrp4) are expressed at much higher levels in female than male kidney. Sex steroids and sex-specific growth hormone (GH) secretion patterns often mediate gender-predominant gene expression. Thus, three models were used to investigate potential endocrine regulation of Mrp3 and Mrp4: (1) gonadectomized (GNX) mice with 17beta-estradiol (E2) or 5alpha-dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) replacement; (2) hypophysectomized (HPX) mice receiving E2, DHT, or simulated male-pattern (MP) or female-pattern (FP) GH secretion; (3) lit/lit mice, which have a spontaneous mutation in the growth-hormone releasing-hormone (GHRH) receptor, with simulated MP- or FP-GH secretion. GNX and HPX decreased Mrp3 mRNA levels compared with intact females. In both respective models E2 administration increased Mrp3 expression in GNX and HPX mice. DHT markedly repressed Mrp3 from GNX+placebo levels, however, this was not observed in the HPX model. In lit/lit mice, Mrp3 expression was lower than in wild-type controls, and MP-GH and FP-GH simulation slightly increased Mrp3 expression. Whereas GNX increased Mrp4 in males to female levels, HPX actually increased Mrp4 expression in both genders +375% and +66%, respectively. In both models DHT markedly repressed Mrp4. Furthermore, Mrp4 was higher in lit/lit than wild-type male mice, and simulation of MP-GH secretion suppressed female-predominant Mrp4 expression. In conclusion, these data indicate that E2 contributes to higher Mrp3 mRNA expression in females, yet a role for androgens in Mrp3 repression cannot be discounted. In contrast, Mrp4 mRNA is higher in females due to repression by both DHT and MP-GH secretion in males.     

Tricyclic response in obsessive compulsive disorder

Therapeutic responses to the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine have been demonstrated in five double blind studies of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biological alterations in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder resemble those of depressed patients for the dexamethasone suppression test, for some measures of sleep physiology, and in similar neuroendocrine responses to clonidine. Clomipramine's antiobsessional effect does not require high baseline depression ratings or biological abnormalities similar to those seen in depressives. Preliminary results suggest that in contrast to depressives, patients with obsessive compulsive disorder may respond to clomipramine but not to the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine.     

Longitudinal course of panic disorder: clinical and biological considerations

The longitudinal course of panic disorder and its associated symptoms were investigated in thirty-eight patients. The temporal relationships among panic attacks, generalized anxiety, agoraphobia and depression are described. Similar and different biological alterations in the tricyclic-responsive disorders of primary depression and panic disorder are reviewed and discussed.     

Hormonal changes induced by a partial opiate antagonist,nalorphine. Evaluation of PRL,GH, TSH,LH, FSH and cortisol secretion

Summary The effects of nalorphine 5 mg i. m., a partial opiate antagonist, on circulating levels of PRL, GH, TSH, LH, FSH and cortisol were studied in six healthy men. Nalorphine produced a prompt and sharp increase in serum PRL and a small, delayed rise in serum GH. Serum LH and cortisol decreased after drug administration and no change in serum FSH and TSH was observed. These findings are discussed and a possible site of action of nalorphine is suggested.     

Solubilized human thyrotrophin receptors behave as one class of high-affinity binding sites

Evidence is presented justifying the conclusion that, in contrast to the dextran-coated charcoal technique, the widely used technique of separating bound and free TSH with polyethylene glycol is inadequate and yields inaccurate results. Optimum values for the concentration of Triton X-100, pH, salts, temperature and time of incubation were established for the TSH-TSH receptor interaction. According to Scatchard analysis, soluble TSH receptors behaved as one class of binding sites. The affinity constant for this class of binding sites (K_a 1.3 × 10⁹ M^?1) is identical to that for the high-affinity binding sites found in human thyroid membranes (K_a 1.2 × 10⁹ M^?1). No low-affinity binding sites could be detected after solubilization of membrane receptors. Chromatography experiments on Sepharose CL-6B indicated that, in excess TSH, each micelle containing TSH receptors (molecular weight 150000) binds 4 [¹²⁵I]TSH molecules. These data, together with the absence of low-affinity binding sites, led to the hypothesis that high-affinity TSH binding sites may be formed by the clustering of 4 low-affinity binding sites. Cross-reactivity experiments showed that both α- and β-subunits are involved in the binding of TSH to its receptor; the TSH β-subunit showed an increased cross-reactivity with soluble receptors.