硫酸沙丁胺醇大鼠在体肠吸动力学研究

目的研究硫酸沙丁胺醇在大鼠各肠段的吸收动力学特征。方法采用大鼠在体肠回流法进行动力学试验,从吸收部位、药物浓度、pH值等方面对药物在体内的各个肠段的吸收特性进行研究。结果硫酸沙丁胺醇在大鼠肠道中的吸收不受药物浓度、回流介质pH值等的影响,在分肠段试验中,吸收速率常数Ka(1/h)依次为十二指肠0.052,空肠0.046,回肠0.042,结肠0.030,结肠的吸收显著低于十二指肠、空肠和回肠段;在pH5.4~7.8回流介质中吸收无显著差异,在50~200μg/mL浓度范围内,药物吸收量与浓度呈线性关系。结论硫酸沙丁胺醇在大鼠体内各肠段均有吸收,吸收机制以被动扩散为主,适于制成Tlag<5 h的口服迟释制剂。     

喷昔洛韦凝胶中不同促渗剂对透皮作用的影响

目的:考察聚山梨酯80(Tw80)、丙二醇(PG)作为单一促渗剂和二元促渗剂对喷昔洛韦凝胶体外透皮作用的影响。方法:选用直立式Franz扩散池,以离体鼠皮为屏障,分别采用10％PG,10％PG 1％Tw80,20％PG 1％Tw80为促渗剂,HPLC测定接受液中喷昔洛韦的含量,计算药物累积渗透量。结果:Tw80可促进喷昔洛韦的透皮吸收,不同浓度PG对喷昔洛韦的透皮吸收影响较小。结论:促渗剂Tw80与PG联用效果更佳。     

RP—HPLC法测定苦参素在大鼠胃肠中的吸收动力学

目的：研究苦参素在大鼠胃肠的吸收动力学特征。方法：采用大鼠在体胃肠吸收模型，以HPLC法测定胃肠灌注液中药物的含量。结果：苦参素在胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和结肠中的吸收百分率分别为（31.02±10.08）%、（21.13±2.71）%、（28.22±6.09）%、（35.66±9.01）%和（33.12±13.22）%。结论：苦参素在胃和小肠上段中吸收良好，制剂研究应考虑其吸收特征。     

含银医疗器械质量检验中的几点建议

含银医疗器械因没有相应的国家标准和行业标准可依，企业注册质量标准技术要求不统一，给市场监管带来不便。本文对目前含银医疗器械质量检验过程中出现的问题进行了分析，并对质量技术要求及银含量检测方法提出了相应的建议。     

胃腺癌组织与非肿瘤胃壁组织的吸收和散射特性的差异

目的：探讨人胃腺癌组织与非肿瘤胃壁组织的吸收和散射光谱的差异。方法：测定26例人胃腺癌标本的肿瘤及非肿瘤区域的组织的吸收系数光谱和散射系数光谱。结果：人胃腺癌组织吸收系数光谱、散射系数与非肿瘤胃壁组织光谱明显不同，胃腺癌组织吸收系数在300～720nm光谱范围内明显低于非肿瘤胃壁组织，散射系数在480～1100nm光谱范围内也明显低于非肿瘤胃壁组织。结论：胃腺癌组织和非肿瘤胃壁组织的吸收系数光谱和散射系数光谱比较差异均有统计学意义。     

传染病的Markov过程模型研究

目的对某传染病爆发后的感染传播强度和直接致死率、间接致死率及疫区人群总体在时刻t的健康人数和死亡人数进行预测。方法考虑传染病爆发疫区的人群总体无迁入迁出情况,提出了一种基于Markov两个瞬时态、两个吸收态的传染病模型。结果该模型可以很好地描述传染病爆发后存在死因竞争条件下的生存分析。结论模型构造分析和数据模拟表明文中提出的基于Markov两个瞬时态、两个吸收态的传染病模型可以为传染病爆发后的有效预测及防控提供理论依据,并有很强的实用推广价值。     

屠宰猪体内汞含量与食物链相关研究

采用氢化物发生冷原子化法对工业区和农业区饲喂的60头猪的肝、肾、肌肉中有害重金属元素汞含量进行了调查分析,同时也分析了对应的饲料和土壤中汞含量;结果猪体、饲料、土壤中汞含量匀为工业区大于农业区,差异极显著(P<0.01):探讨了汞污染与食物链的关系,并进行了猪体内不同部位系的蓄积性比较、相关性分析及卫生评价。     

Studies on the increased absorption of ouabain,phenolsulphonphthalein and pralidoxime caused by sodium lauryl sulphate from single loop preparations in the rat

Summary In concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (effective range about 2 mM to about 22 mM) sodium lauryl sulphate caused graded increases in the absorption of ouabain, phenolsulphonphthalein and pralidoxime from jejunal loops in anaesthetized rats. The surfactant-caused increases in the absorption of phenolsulphonphthalein and pralidoxime were significantly reduced if the sodium chloride of the medium was replaced by mannitol, respectively sucrose, or by sodium phosphate, and also if ouabain was added to the medium. The extent in absorption in the absence of surfactant was not altered. The surfactant-caused increase in the absorption of ouabain was not reduced by the mentioned sodium chloride exchanges in the medium. It is suggested that the increased absorption caused by sodium lauryl sulphate must be ascribed to a direct effect on the intestinal membrane. The results indicate some kind of Na-dependence for the increase in absorption observed for phenolsulphonphthalein and pralidoxime. Additional studies are in progress to further elucidate the observations mentioned.     

Interaction of ultrasound and amniotic liquid

The ultrasonic properties (velocity at 2·81 and 5·04 MHz, absorption in the range 1–15 MHz and vibration potential at 200 kHz) of amniotic liquid have been investigated. The results indicate that at physiological pH the absorption is essentially due to the proteins found in amniotic liquid, its vibration potential to the sodium chloride contained in this fluid while the velocity appears to be determined both by the proteins and sodium chloride. In the acid range (pH ～ 3) and alkaline range (pH ～ 9·6), proton transfer processes involving a low molecular weight component of amniotic liquid, in addition to those involving the proteins, contribute to the absorption of ultrasound by amniotic liquid.     

Studies on the Subcutaneous Absorption in Mice VII: Absorption of 3H2O and 14C-sucrose from Non-buffered Solutions at Different pH Values

The possible influence on the subcutaneous absorption process of the pH of the injected unbuffered solutions was examined in normal and oestradiol pretreated mice. Eighty μl of 0.9 % NaCl, pH 4.60, 5.70, and 8.90, containing ³H₂O and ¹⁴C-sucrose in tracer concentrations were injected. In the oestradiol pretreated mice, the clearance of the tracer substance was significantly faster at pH 4.60 than at pH 8.90. Addition of hyaluronidase to the solutions abolished these differences. The results point to the connective tissue ground substance as the medium capable of modifying the absorption process according to slight pH differences of the injected solutions.