Comparison between tension band and cerclage with X-Plate and lag screws in treatment of comminuted patellar fractures

BackgroundComminuted patellar fractures are not rare, and the ideal treatment method remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate effects and compare complications of two different methods used to treat comminuted patellar fractures.MethodsFrom March 2010 to August 2016, 102 cases of 34-C2 or 34-C3 comminuted patellar fractures were treated at our hospital, wherein patients received two different treatments: titanium cable tension band with cerclage method (group A) and intrafragmentary screws with X-shaped plating technique (group B). At follow-ups, articular step-off, range of motion (ROM), Lysholm scores, time of union, and complications were recorded and analyzed. Radiographic and clinical data as well as rate of complications were statistically analyzed.ResultsIn total, 87 patients were included in the final analysis (n = 47 in group A and n = 40 in group B). No significant differences were noted in terms of cost of implant, age, gender, rate of 34-C3 fractures, rate of layered inferior pole fractures, postoperative articular step-off and union time. At 2-year follow-up, average Lysholm scores, ROM and rate of complications were (89.0 ± 4.5), (122°±12°) and (27.7%) in group A and (90.2 ± 3.9), (124°±11°) and (17.5%) in group B, respectively, with no significant differences (p > 0.05). The mean time of surgery in group B was shorter than that in group A with significant difference (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTreatment using the intrafragmentary screws and plate method for amenable comminuted patellar fractures achieved similar complication rate and favorable functional outcomes at the 2-year follow-up, which was comparable to the titanium cable tension band with cerclage method. Thus, the intrafragmentary screws and plate method is effective, safe and convenient for 34-C2/C3 comminuted patellar fractures, especially appropriate for patients with layered fragments.     

Deoxynivalenol induces apoptosis in PC12 cells via the mitochondrial pathway

Deoxynivalenol (DON) has broad toxicity in animals and humans. In this study the impact of DON treatment on apoptotic pathways in PC12 cells was determined. The effects of DON were evaluated on (i) typical indicators of apoptosis, including cellular morphology, cell activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and apoptosis ratio in PC12 cells, and on (ii) the expression of key genes and proteins related to apoptosis, including Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, cytochrome C (Cyt C), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), cleaved-Caspase9, and cleaved-Caspase3. DON treatment inhibited proliferation of PC12 cells, induced significant morphological changes and apoptosis, promoted the release of Cyt C and AIF from the mitochondria, and increased the activities of cleaved-Caspase9 and cleaved-Caspase3. Bcl-2 expression decreased with increasing DON concentrations, in contrast to Bax and Bid, which were increased with increasing DON concentration. These data demonstrate that DON induces apoptosis in PC12 cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.     

CD2AP inhibits metastasis in gastric cancer by promoting cellular adhesion and cytoskeleton assembly

Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is a lethal malignancy lacking effective systemic therapy. Among the most provocative recent results in DGC has been that the alter of the cellular cytoskeleton and intercellular adhesion. CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is one of the critical proteins regulating cytoskeleton assembly and intercellular adhesion. However, no study has investigated the expression and biological significance of CD2AP in gastric cancer (GC) to date. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore if the expression of CD2AP is associated with any clinical features of GC and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Immunohistochemistry of 620 patient tissue samples indicated that the expression of CD2AP is downregulated in DGC. Moreover, a low CD2AP level was indicative of poor patient prognosis. In vitro, forced expression of CD2AP caused a significant decrease in the migration and invasion of GC cells, whereas depletion of CD2AP had the opposite effect. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that CD2AP promoted cellular adhesion and influenced cell cytoskeleton assembly via interaction with the F-actin capping protein CAPZA1. Overall, the upregulation of CD2AP could attenuate GC metastasis, suggesting CD2AP as a novel biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of patients with GC.     

基于复杂网络的《新针灸学》与《经络腧穴学》比较分析研究（英文）

提取《新针灸学》《经络腧穴学》中穴位名称、主治病症信息,基于复杂网络建立穴-症网络,分析两者穴位数量、相互关联程度及主治规律变化,借助拓扑学数据解释变化原因,为传统针灸知识体系的结构化、标准化研究提供具体思路和方法。共纳入《新针灸学》386穴、773种症状、形成152163个穴位配伍对,《经络腧穴学》403穴、253种症状、28755个穴位配伍对。两本教材的穴-症网络存在丰富的差异性,其所载的病症结构化程度随医学知识的更新而提升。《新针灸学》模型具有更加典型的小世界效应,或因其以病症为主要分类手段的优势体现。两本教材穴位定位与主治方面发生许多变化,学科发展、时代背景等方面是变化的主要原因。     

N-myc下游调节基因家族成员3在胃癌细胞增殖和侵袭中的作用

目的探讨N-myc下游调节基因家族成员3(NDRG3)对胃癌细胞生物学行为的影响及其机制。方法实验分NDRG3敲减组和对照组,AGS-NDRG3小发夹状RNA(shRNA)组采用shRNA技术干扰AGS细胞中NDRG3表达,同时设置AGS-Vector对照组转染空白对照病毒;通过反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测两组细胞中NDRG3 mRNA和蛋白表达以检查AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组中NDRG3敲减效果,利用细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)法和Transwell实验分别检测两组细胞中细胞增殖和侵袭能力,利用流式细胞仪分析两组细胞中细胞周期分布情况,并通过Western blot检测敲减两组细胞中细胞核增殖抗原(Ki-67)和p53蛋白表达水平,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。结果AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组NDRG3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著低于对照组(NDRG3 mRNA,0.220±0.035比1.020±0.078,t=14.713,P<0.01;NDRG3蛋白,0.140±0.018比0.820±0.025,t=7.892,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。CCK-8实验结果显示,在培养24、48、72 h后,AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组细胞的增殖水平(0.388±0.025、0.576±0.044、0.873±0.051)明显低于对照组(0.457±0.033、0.674±0.047、1.125±0.062),差异均有统计学意义(t=4.983、5.852、8.082,P<0.01);Transwell迁移实验结果表明,AGS-NDRG3 shRNA组侵袭穿过Transwell小室膜的细胞数[(474.5±27.6)个]明显低于对照组[(1127.0±48.8)个],差异有统计学意义(t=12.380,P<0.01);细胞周期分析显示,敲减NDRG3表达的AGS细胞周期阻滞于S期,其S期占49.33%,对照组S期占30.29%(t=4.634,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义;Western blot检测结果显示,敲减NDRG3表达后AGS细胞中Ki-67蛋白表达低于对照组(0.380±0.021比0.860±0.036,t=5.163,P<0.01)、野生型p53蛋白表达高于对照组(0.720±0.018比0.160±0.013,t=11.354,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义。结论NDRG3可能通过调控p53通路促进AGS细胞增殖及侵袭能力。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶含有Jumonji结构域的蛋白质2D在胃癌组织的表达及其临床意义

目的观察含有Jumonji结构域的蛋白质2D(JMJD2D)在胃癌组织的表达并探讨其临床意义。方法收集2013年1月至2014年12月期间来自中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院(浙江省肿瘤医院)手术治疗并经病理诊断证实的133例胃腺癌标本。采用免疫组织化学法检测133例胃癌组织及其配对的癌旁正常组织中JMJD2D的表达,应用SPSS-22统计软件分析其临床意义及与预后的关系,采用比例风险回归模型(proportional hazards model,Cox模型)多因素回归分析JMJD2D蛋白表达及其他病理参数对胃癌患者预后的预测价值。结果胃癌组织中JMJD2D的高表达率为75.9%(101/133),显著高于癌旁正常胃组织(高表达率2.3%,3/133,χ²=64.821,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义。肿瘤组织中JMJD2D高表达与患者幽门螺杆菌感染状态(χ²=22.163,P<0.01)、肿瘤分化程度(χ²=7.022,P<0.05)、浸润深度(χ²=5.061,P<0.05)、淋巴结转移状态(χ²=14.123,P<0.01)、临床TNM分期(χ²=23.194,P<0.01)显著相关,而与患者性别、肿瘤诊断时年龄、肿瘤部位和大小无相关(χ²=0.072、1.451、2.562、1.383,P值均>0.05)。普兰-迈耶(Kaplan-Meier)生存分析显示,JMJD2D高表达的胃癌患者与正常/低表达患者中位生存时间分别为34个月和65个月,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。比例风险回归模型(proportional hazards model,Cox模型)多因素回归分析表明JMJD2D高表达是胃癌患者独立预后因素[危险比(HR)=2.38,P<0.01]。结论JMJD2D在胃癌组织中高表达,且与胃癌进展及患者预后显著相关。