护生宝口服液对辐射的防护作用研究

目的　研究中药辐射防护剂护生宝 (HSB)对60 Coγ射线损伤的防护作用 ,为HSB的临床应用提供实验依据。方法　用 3种不同浓度的HSB和生理盐水灌胃实验组和单纯照射组小鼠 ,各组受试鼠给予 7 5Gy60 Coγ射线一次性全身照射 ,观察不同处理组小鼠的存活率及血象变化情况。结果　HSB保护组小鼠的 30d存活率、外周血白细胞 (WBC)和血小板 (PLT)均显著高于单纯照射组 (P <0 0 1) ,平均保护系数高达 1 77。结论　HSB具有较强的抗辐射作用、能显著提高受致死剂量60 Coγ射线照射小鼠的存活率 ,降低辐射对小鼠外周血WBC和PLT的损伤作用     

Colistin: from the shadows to a One Health approach for addressing antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to human, animal and environmental health worldwide. Colistin has regained importance as a last-resort treatment against multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, colistin resistance has been reported in various Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from several sources. The 2015 discovery of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 (mobile colistin resistance) gene conferring resistance to colistin was a major concern within the scientific community worldwide. The global spread of this plasmid – as well as the subsequent identification of 10 MCR-family genes and their variants that catalyse the addition of phosphoethanolamine to the phosphate group of lipid A – underscores the urgent need to regulate the use of colistin, particularly in animal production. This review traces the history of colistin resistance and mcr-like gene identification, and examines the impact of policy changes regarding the use of colistin on the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli and colistin-resistant E. coli from a One Health perspective. The withdrawal of colistin as a livestock growth promoter in several countries reduced the prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria and its resistance determinants (e.g. mcr-1 gene) in farm animals, humans and the environment. This reduction was certainly favoured by the significant fitness cost associated with acquisition and expression of the mcr-1 gene in enterobacterial species. The success of this One Health intervention could be used to accelerate regulation of other important antimicrobials, especially those associated with bacterial resistance mechanisms linked to high fitness cost. The development of global collaborations and the implementation of sustainable solutions like the One Health approach are essential to manage AMR.     

内蒙古少数民族地区人群血清apoAI及apoB水平探讨

目的　研究内蒙古少数民族地区正常人群血清载脂蛋白AI(apolipoproteinAI,apoAI)及载脂蛋白B(apolipoproteinB ,apoB)水平 ,探讨适合内蒙古少数民族地区理想的参考值。 方法　收集内蒙古各族健康人群血清 ,按一般生活水平严格筛选 1 0 0 9例 ,其中男 5 4 7例 ,女 4 6 2例 ,年龄1～ 83岁。用免疫透射比浊法 (ITA)测定其apoAI、apoB及AI/B水平并进行统计分析。 结果　将上述正常人群体检结果与国内外某些资料进行对比分析 ,得出内蒙古少数民族地区正常人群血清ApoAI、apoB水平较欧美人偏低 ,与国内宁波地区接近 ,且低于北京地区。 结论　说明血清apoAI、apoB及AI/B受种族、环境、生活方式等影响     

Cost-Effectiveness of the Management of Rh-Negative Pregnant Women

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the most cost-effective option to prevent alloimmunization against the Rh factor.MethodsA virtual population of Rh-negative pregnant women in Quebec was built to simulate the cost-effectiveness of preventing alloimmunization. The model considered four options: (1) systematic use of anti-D immunoglobulin; (2) fetal Rh(D) genotyping; (3) immunological determination of the father’s Rh type; (4) mixed screening: immunological determination of the father’s Rh type, followed if positive by fetal Rh(D) genotyping. Two outcomes were considered, in addition to the estimated costs: (1) the number of babies without hemolytic disease, and (2) the number of surviving infants.ResultsIn a first pregnancy, two options emerged as the most cost-effective options: systematic prophylaxis and immunological Rh typing of the father, with overlapping confidence intervals between them. In a second pregnancy, the results were similar. In all cases (first or second pregnancy or a combination of the two) fetal genotyping was not found to be a cost-effective option.ConclusionRoutine prophylaxis and immunological Rh typing of the father are the most cost-effective options for the prevention of Rh alloimmunization. Considering that immunological typing of the father would probably not be carried out by the majority of clinicians, routine prophylaxis remains the preferred option. However, this could change if the cost of Rh(D) fetal genotyping fell below $140 per sample.