山楂常见有机氯、有机磷及拟除虫菊酯农药残留的膳食暴露研究＊

目的 检测全国不同主产区山楂中常见有机氯、有机磷及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留状况，基于残留水平进行山楂的膳食暴露评估。方法 采用乙腈提取，QuEChERs净化的前处理方法，建立3类共20种常见农药残留的气相色谱-三重4级杆串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）法，对收集的全国不同产地共41批山楂样品进行农残检测。结果 20种农药在0.002-1 mg·kg^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好，r² ≥ 0.997；精密度、准确度及回收率均能满足方法学检测要求。山楂样品筛查，共检出8种农残，三类农药均有检出，乙硫磷2.4%、p,p′-滴滴滴4.9%、溴氰菊酯7.3%、甲基对硫磷19.5%、p,p′-滴滴伊39.0%、马拉硫磷46.3%、氰戊菊酯90.2%、氯氰菊酯95.1%。结论 基于理论最大残留限量评估，山楂样品中氰戊菊酯高于理论最大残留限量。建议相关部门应制定山楂中农残最大残留限量标准，并加强山楂种植过程中使用农药的监管。     

Bavachinin inhibits cholesterol synthesis enzyme FDFT1 expression via AKT/mTOR/SREBP-2 pathway

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive and chronic liver disease. No effective drug is currently approved for the treatment of NAFLD. Traditionally it is thought that pathogenesis of NAFLD develops from some imbalance in lipid control, thereby leading to hepatotoxicity and disease development. Squalene synthase (SQS), encoded by FDFT1, is a key regulator in cholesterol synthesis and thus a potential target for the treatment of NAFLD. Here we could identify bavachinin, a component from traditional Chinese medicine Fructus Psoraleae (FP), which apparently protects HepaRG cells from palmitic acid induced death, suppressing lipid accumulation and cholesterol synthesis through inhibition of FDFT1 through the AKT/mTOR/SREBP-2 pathway. Over-expression of FDFT1 abolished bavachinin (BVC) -induced inhibition of cholesterol synthesis. The data presented here suggest that bavachinin acts as a cholesterol synthesis enzyme inhibitor, and might serve as a drug for treating NAFLD in the future.     

白木香转录因子AsWRKY62的分子克隆、原核表达及特性分析

目的对白木香AquilariasinensisAsWRKY62转录因子进行分子克隆、原核表达,并对其进行生物信息学分析和表达特性分析,为深入研究AsWRKY62在白木香生长发育、沉香形成等方面的功能奠定基础。方法以白木香愈伤组织总RNA反转录的cDNA为模板,采用RT-PCR及PCR技术克隆基因编码序列(CDS)全长;构建pET-21a-AsWRKY62原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)感受态进行原核诱导表达;并通过生物信息学软件预测蛋白的理化性质、结构域和亚细胞定位等特性;用软件DNAMAN和MEGA5分别进行氨基酸多序列比对和进化关系分析,通过组织特异性表达分析不同组织中的基因表达模式。结果 AsWRKY62(GenBank注册号MH925301)基因CDS全长为1 581bp,编码一条由526个氨基酸组成的多肽,结构域分析表明其属于WRKY group I类蛋白;密码子优化后的pET-21a-AsWRKY62在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功诱导的较适条件为0.5mmol/LIPTG37℃连续培养4h;As WRKY62基因具有组织特异性,其在根、茎中表达量最高,其次是沉香层和花中。结论本研究首次在白木香中克隆AsWRKY62,并进行原核表达和生物特性分析,表明其可能与沉香的形成有关,也为进一步研究其生物学功能提供了理论依据。     

Two new sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia

Two new sesquiterpenes named petafolias A–B were isolated from the aerial parts of Schizonepeta tenuifolia. Their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, MS, CD, 1D, and 2D NMR).     

Pyridinium alkaloid-coupled secoiridoids from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica

Three pyridinium inner salt alkaloids, lonijaposides A-C (1-3), based on an unprecedented skeleton of an N-substituted nicotinic acid nucleus coupled through C-5 with C-7 of a secoiridoid, together with seven known iridoids, have been isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Lonijaposide C (3) showed activity against the release of glucuronidase in rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by the platelet-activating factor.     

海洋真菌Cladosporium cladosporioides化学成分研究

 目的对来源于红树林的海洋真菌Cladosporium cladosporioides的发酵产物进行化学成分研究。方法采用溶剂提取、硅胶柱色谱及半制备HPLC等分离方法对真菌菌丝体进行分离纯化,通过波谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到10个化合物,分别为二十四烷酸(1)、麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(2)、24-亚甲基羊毛脂甾-8-烯-3β-醇(3)、1-(硬脂酸)-2-(亚油酸)-3-油酸甘油酯(4)、1,2,3-三亚油酸甘油酯(5)、1,3-二油酸甘油酯(6)、肉桂酸(7)、苯丙酸(8)、β-谷甾醇(9)、丁二酸单乙酯(10)。结论化合物1～10均为首次从该菌种分离得到。     

无公害中药材生产关键技术研究

详细介绍了无公害中药材生产关键技术,包括生产基地选址、基地环境及监测技术,野生抚育等栽培管理技术,采收、产地加工技术,包装、贮运技术,病虫害预测技术,农业及物理防治技术,应用天敌昆虫、拮抗微生物的生物防治技术及植物源农药防治病虫害等综合防治技术,农药残留、重金属、真菌毒素检测技术及限量标准、有效成分含量测定及指纹图谱等质量控制技术。为我国无公害中药材生产和中药产业发展提供重要参考。     

Anti-apoptotic effect of esculin on dopamine-induced cytotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line

Dopamine (DA), as a neurotoxin, can elicit severe Parkinson's disease-like syndrome by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptotic activity. In this study, we examined the effect of esculin, which was extracted from Fraxinus sielboldiana blume, on DA-induced cytotoxicity and the underlying mechanism in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our results suggest that the protective effects of esculin (10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) on DA-induced cytotoxicity may be ascribed to its anti-oxidative properties by reducing ROS level, and its anti-apoptotic effect via protecting mitochondrion membrane potential (DeltaPsim), enhancing superoxide dismutaese (SOD) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and regulating P53, Bax and Bcl-2 expression. In addition, esculin inhibited the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and the protein expression of activated caspase 3. These data indicate that esculin may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD).     

New dibenz[b, f]oxepins from Cercis chinensis Bunge

Three new dibenz[b,f]oxepins: 6-methoxy-7-methyl-8-hydroxydibenz[b, f]oxepin (1), 1,8-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyldibenz[b, f]oxepin (2), and 1-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-7-methyldibenz[b,f]oxepin (3), along with two known dibenz[b,f]oxepins pacharin (4) and bauhiniastatin 4 (5), were isolated from Cercis chinensis Bunge (Leguminosae). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (EI-MS, UV, IR, (1)H, (13)C and 2D NMR). Compounds 1-5 were isolated from the Cercis genus for the first time.     

麦冬及其混伪品的ITS2序列分析及鉴别研究

目的：对麦冬及其易混伪品进行分子鉴别,以确保该药材的质量和临床安全用药。方法：从GenBank数据库中下载麦冬及其混伪品的ITS2片段序列,利用MEGA等软件进行相关数据分析,构建NJ树,并预测麦冬及其混伪品的ITS2二级结构。结果：麦冬与其3个混伪品的ITS2序列间存在明显差异,基于ITS2序列的NJ树及其二级结构亦能对麦冬及其混伪品进行鉴别。结论：ITS2条形码序列可有效地鉴别麦冬及其混伪品。