铁篱巴果化学成分的研究

目的：对铁篱巴果的化学成分进行分离和鉴定。方法：采用多种柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据光谱数据和理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。结果：从其乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为：伞形花内酯(umbelliferone,1),蒿属香豆素(scoparone,2),葡萄内酯(aurapten,3),佛手内酯(bergapten,4),异虎耳草素(isopimpinellin,5),比克白芷素(byakangelicin,6),花椒毒酚(xanthotoxol,7),异樱花苷(isosakuranin,8),枸桔苷(poncirin,9)。结论：化合物1～9均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

蒙桑茎皮中Diels-Alder型加合物化学成分的研究

目的研究蒙桑M orusm ong olica茎皮中的D ie ls-A lder型加合物化学成分。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、RP-18及Sephadex LH-20进行分离纯化,根据各种光谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到6个D ie ls-A lder型加合物,分别为阿尔本F(a lban in F,Ⅰ)、桑酮L(kuw anon L,Ⅱ)、双桑辛素(d im orac in,Ⅲ)、桑酮J(kuw anon J,Ⅳ)、桑呋喃J(m u lberrofuran J,Ⅴ)、桑呋喃Q(m u lberrofuran Q,Ⅵ)。结论化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ为首次从该种植物分得。抗氧化筛选结果表明,化合物Ⅳ~Ⅵ具有抗氧化活性。     

Cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins acylated with monoterpenic acid from Pithecellobium lucidum

Three new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, named pithelucosides A-C (1-3), together with two known saponins (4, 5) were isolated from the roots of Pithecellobium lucidum. The structures of the new saponins were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry and confirmed by acid and alkaline hydrolysis. Compounds 1-5 and 7 (pro-sapogenin obtained from the mild alkaline hydrolysate of 1) were evaluated for cytotoxic activity on five human tumoral cell lines (HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A549, and A2780) and for hemolytic property against rabbit erythrocytes. Compounds 2-5 showed significant cytotoxic activities with IC50 values of 0.61-7.56 microM. All tested compounds did not exhibit any hemolytic activity in the concentration range 0.01-100 microM.     

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunochromatographic Strip for Rapid Detection of Atrazine in Three Medicinal Herbal Roots

Objectives: An enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and colloidal gold?based immunochromatographic (ICG) strip assay will be developed for the rapid and high-throughput detection of atrazine (ATZ) in medicinal herbs. Methods: A monoclonal antibody against ATZ was obtained after the immunization of mice, cell fusion, and hybridoma screening, and the antibody was used to develop direct competitive ELISA (dcELISA) and the ICG strip assay. Results: Both dcELISA and ICG strip methods were established, optimized, and validated for the detection of ATZ in Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome, Astragali radix, and Isatidis radix. dcELISA had a half-maximum inhibition concentration of 10.56 ng/mL (Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome), 7.6 ng/mL (Astragali radix), and 8.15 ng/mL (Isatidis radix). The limit of detection (LOD) of the ICG strip assay was 12.5 ng/mL (Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome), 12.5 ng/mL (Astragali radix), and 6.25 ng/mL (Isatidis radix) in different herb matrices. Due to the recognition characteristics of the monoclonal antibody for the pesticides ATZ, propazine, sebuthylazine, and prometryn, the detection results of realsamples by the two immunoassays were confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, which proved the accuracy and reliability of the established methods. Conclusion: The proposed dcELISA and ICG strip methods were suitable for the rapid, convenient, and high-throughput detection of ATZ in these medicinal herbs.     

Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from Ehretia Linn.

The plants of the genus Ehretia Linn. composed of about 50 species mainly distributed in tropical Asia and Africa. They have been used as folk medicines or traditional tea to treat various ailments in China for a long time. This contribution reviews the chemical constituents isolated from the plants of the genus Ehretia Linn. and related biological activities of these species in the past few decades. The compounds in the genus mainly belong to the classes of phenolic acids, flavonoids, benzoquinones, cyanogenetic glycosides, and fatty acids. The main biological activities include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisnake venom, and anti-allergic activities.     

紫芝中的一个新三萜

摘 要：目的 研究紫芝Ganoderma sinense子实体的化学成分。 方法 通过反复硅胶、凝胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,利用多种波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果 分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为紫芝酸(sinensoic acid, 1)、cerebroside D(2)、poke-weed cerebroside(3)、泥湖鞘鞍醇(hemisceramide,4)。结论 化合物1为新化合物,命名为紫芝酸(sinensoic acid),其余化合物均为首次从灵芝属真菌中分离得到。     

风轮菜属药用植物的研究进展

风轮菜属药用植物在我国分布广泛,药用价值前景良好。目前研究发现该属植物中主要含有黄酮和皂苷类成分,现代药理学研究表明其主要具有止血、抗菌、抗炎、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗辐射等生物活性。主要对近年来该属植物的化学成分和药理活性进行综述,为该属植物的开发利用提供科学依据。     

基于ITS2序列的羌活及其混伪品的DNA条形码鉴定

目的 对羌活及其混伪品进行分子鉴定,以确保该药材的质量以及临床疗效。方法 利用PCR测序法,对样品进行核基因ITS2片段扩增并双向测序,所得序列经CodonCode Aligner拼接后,用软件MEGA 4.0进行相关数据分析,并构建邻接（NJ）树。利用已建立的ITS2数据库及其网站预测ITS2二级结构。结果 羌活与宽叶羌活ITS2序列长度均为228 bp,二者种内平均K2P（Kimura-2-parameter）遗传距离均远远小于其与混伪品的种间平均K2P遗传距离;由所构建的系统聚类树图可以看出,羌活与宽叶羌活均表现出了单系性,而同时又与其他混伪品明显分开;比较ITS2二级结构发现,羌活基原植物与其混伪品在4个螺旋区的茎环数目、大小、位置以及螺旋发出时的角度均有明显差异。结论 ITS2序列作为DNA条形码可以方便快捷地鉴别羌活及其混伪品,为其种质资源鉴定及临床安全用药提供了重要分子依据。     

植物细胞色素P450在三萜皂苷生物合成中的功能研究进展

三萜皂苷是许多药用植物的药效成分,其生物合成通常可分为前体形成、骨架构建以及后修饰3个部分。后修饰过程是植物调控形成众多种类单体皂苷的重要过程,其机制至今尚未完全阐明。植物细胞色素P450是由少数几个超基因家族编码的,参与多种生物过程,包括三萜皂苷次生代谢的后修饰过程。目前,已在少数植物中克隆到了催化个别单体皂苷生物合成的P450基因,其功能研究取得了一定进展。将就此进行综述,为进一步开展相关研究提供借鉴。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定地龙中4个黄曲霉毒素

目的:建立同时测定地龙中4个黄曲霉毒素含量的高效液相色谱串联质谱法。方法:样品经甲醇-水(80∶20,v/v)提取,通过免疫亲和柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定其中4个黄曲霉毒素的含量,以多反应监测(MRM)方式分别监测离子对m/z 313→241(黄曲霉毒素B1,CE 50 eV),m/z 315→259(黄曲霉毒素B2,CE 43 eV),m/z 329→243(黄曲霉毒素G1,CE 38 eV)和m/z 331→245(黄曲霉毒素G2,CE 40 eV)。结果:黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的检测限分别为0.03,0.02,0.03,0.02μg.kg-1,回收率在88.0%～100.3%范围内,RSD均低于6.1%。结论:该方法快速、灵敏,结果准确,适用于地龙中4个黄曲霉毒素的同时检测。