Porous carbon-confined CoxSy nanoparticles derived from ZIF-67 for boosting lithium-ion storage

Reasonable regulation and synthesis of hollow nanostructure materials can provide a promising electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, utilizing a metal–organic framework (MOF, ZIF-67) as the raw material and template, a composite of Co_xS_y with a carbon shell is successfully formed through a hydrothermal vulcanization and a subsequent high temperature sintering process. The as-obtained Co_xS_y(700) material sintered at 700 °C has a large specific surface area, and at the same time possesses a hollow carbon shell structure. Benefiting from unique structural advantages, the volume change during the electrochemical reaction can be well alleviated, and thus the structural stability is greatly improved. The presence of the carbon matrix can also offer sufficient ion/electron transfer channels, contributing to the enhanced electrochemical performance. As a result, the Co_xS_y(700) electrode can deliver an excellent capacity of 875.6 mA h g⁻¹ at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹. Additionally, a high-capacity retention of 88% is achieved after 1000 cycles when the current density is increased to 500 mA g⁻¹, and exhibiting a prominent rate capability of 526.5 mA h g⁻¹, simultaneously. The novel synthesis route and considerable electrochemical properties presented by this study can afford guidance for the exploration of high-performance cobalt sulfide anodes in LIBs.

A composite of Co_xS_y and carbon shell is successfully formed, and as a result it can well alleviate volume change as well as offer sufficient ions/electrons transfer channels, contributing to enhance electrochemical performance.     

利多卡因透皮制剂的研究进展

目的：探讨利多卡因透皮制剂的研究进展，为制备临床治疗需要的新型、安全、高效的透皮局麻制剂提供参考。方法：检索近年国内外利多卡因透皮制剂的相关文献，综述其透皮制剂的主要剂型及特点。结果：利多卡因透皮制剂可以增加透皮速率，起效快，提高了生物利用度，并减少了不良反应。目前检索到的利多卡因剂型包括乳膏、凝胶剂等传统制剂及微乳剂、微乳凝胶剂、脂质体、醇脂体、喷膜剂、巴布剂、中孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒负载利多卡因等新型载体剂型。结论：随着透皮新剂型新技术研究的发展，利多卡因透皮制剂的各项研究成果有望在今后安全、高效地运用于临床。     

Comparison of bacteria isolated from open fractures following debridement and subsequent infection

BackgroundOne of the major objectives for the management of open fractures is to prevent bone and soft tissue infection. Here, we identified species and drug sensitivities of bacterial isolates recovered during open fracture debridement and after infection and compared the results between the two time points.MethodsA total of 61 hospitalized patients with open fractures who developed post-operative wound infection between October 2016 and December 2017 were included in this study. The cohort included 43 males and 18 females aged between 4 and 72 years. Patients were admitted to hospital 1–14 h after injury. Samples were collected after debridement and after infection and submitted for bacterial culture. Resulting isolates were identified using a VITEK 2 Bacterial Identification System and tested for drug sensitivity using the disc diffusion method. Results from the two time points were then compared.ResultsThe positive bacterial culture rate following debridement was relatively low (14/61, 22.9%). In addition, bacteria cultured after debridement were generally inconsistent with those cultured after wound infection, with a concordance rate of only 3.3% (2/61). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 91.3% (63/69) of isolates recovered from wound infections following surgery, among which Acinetobacter baumannii was baumannii was the predominant pathogen, accounting for 49.3% (42/69) of all isolates. Overall, 60.8% (42/69) of postoperative infections were caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria, with A. baumannii isolates accounting for 80.9% (34/42) of these cases. Rates of cefoperazone/sulbactam resistance were relatively low among the isolates (15/34, 44.1%), and most isolates showed a sensitive or intermediate resistance phenotype.ConclusionsResults of bacterial culture after debridement could not predict pathogenic bacteria causing postoperative infection. Therefore, we propose that open fracture infections are predominantly nosocomial and are mainly caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Further attention should be paid to the control of these pathogens in clinical settings.     

氨基酸分析仪法批量测定小鼠皮质和海马中氨基酸类神经递质和牛磺酸的含量

目的：建立一种简单、准确可靠、可批量检测小鼠皮质和海马内氨基酸类神 分析方法。 方法：采用 A300 氨基酸分析仪，使用 10% 磺基水杨酸进行蛋白沉淀，锂盐试剂为流动相，茚三酮显 色，检测波长为 570 nm，对该方法的分离效果、线性范围、检出限及定量限、日内精密度和回收率、日间精密度进 行测定；选择同日龄的 SPF 级 KM 小鼠分为雌雄两组，每组断头处死 3 只，每只均于冰上分离出皮质和海马，经 匀浆、离心、蛋白沉淀、稀释、过膜等过程制成小鼠脑组织游离氨基酸样品，分别测定雌雄小鼠皮质和海马内天冬 氨酸（aspartic acid，Asp）、谷氨酸（glutamic acid，Glu）、甘氨酸（glycine，Gly）、 γ - 氨基丁酸（gamma-aminobutyric acid，GABA）4 种氨基酸类神经递质的含量和牛磺酸（taurine，Tau）的含量。 结果：标准样品、雌雄小鼠皮质样品 和海马样品中的 5 种目标氨基酸分离度好，在 8~400 μmol·L -1 的浓度范围内，线性良好（R ≥0.999），检测限为 1.29~1.86 μmol·L-1 ，定量限为 4.29~6.20 μmol·L-1 ，日内精密度良好（标准样品相对标准偏差 (relative standard deviation，RSD)<2.23%，脑组织样品 RSD<2.76%），脑组织样品的加标回收率为 91.52%~102.51%，采用绘制标 样峰面积曲线的方法准确获取样品中的 5 种氨基酸含量，实验用雌雄小鼠之间未发现明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论：该方法简便、准确可靠，适用于小鼠皮质和海马组织中游离氨基酸含量的批量检测。     

合理应用X射线检查 优化辐射剂量

X射线的影像学检查是现代化精准医疗中的重要环节，在诊治疾病和判断疾病转归及手术方案制定中发挥着不可替代的作用。随着数字X射线和CT检查的广泛应用，重复的和过度的X射线检查时有发生，使受检者接受了过多的或额外辐射剂量，引起辐射损伤。如何优化辐射剂量，达到既满足疾病的诊断，又能降低受检者的辐射损伤，是研究者和设备研发者关注的重要课题。以致X射线的辐射损伤引起了政府、社会、受检者和X射线检查工作者的高度关注。本文探讨了降低辐射剂量的方法，评述其进展。     

Cognitive function in older adults with major depression: Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation

Memory and executive function are often impaired in older adults with major depression. Mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) are abundantly expressed in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex, brain areas critical for memory and executive function. In both aging and depression, MR expression in the brain is reduced. Therefore, diminished MR function could contribute to impaired cognition in older adults with depression and might be a promising target for pharmacological intervention.Twenty-three older adults with major depression (mean age 61.6 yrs ± 8.1, n = 13 women) without medication and 24 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy participants received the MR-agonist fludrocortisone (0.4 mg) or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, within-subject cross-over design. We measured psychomotor speed, executive function, verbal learning and memory, and visuospatial memory.Compared to controls, depressed patients performed worse in psychomotor speed (group effect p = 0.01), executive function (group effect p < 0.01), verbal learning (group effect p = 0.02), and verbal memory (group effect p < 0.01) but not in visuospatial memory. There were no significant treatment effects. However, we found a group × treatment interaction in verbal learning (p = 0.04) and visuospatial memory (p = 0.02) indicating that depressed patients performed worse after fludrocortisone whereas controls performed better after fludrocortisone.Our data suggest that –in contrast to younger depressed patients-older adults with depression do not benefit from MR stimulation but deteriorate in cognitive function.     

局部止血材料及机制的研究进展#br#

机体正常止血与凝血机制有赖于血管壁、血小板、凝血因子、抗凝因子、纤溶系统以及它们之间的生理性调节和平衡,文献资料显示,理想的止血材料应具备：①可直接用于出血创面,止血时间短;②使用时不需要混合或做其他准备工作;③价格便宜,使用简单;④可以长期储存,携带方便;⑤可吸收,不需要清理,无组织损伤和感染风险。纵观止血材料的发展历程,从化学类到蛋白类、纤维素类、多糖类,由不可吸收发展到可吸收,毒性逐渐降低;从动物源性逐渐向植物源性转变,减少了排斥反应,降低了动物源性疾病传播的风险。机体的正常止血,主要依赖于完整的血管壁结构和功能、有效的血小板质量和数量及正常的血浆凝血因子活性。     

Systolic blood pressure as a predictor of incident albuminuria and rapid renal function decline in type 2 diabetic patients

AimsAlbuminuria and a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are known risk factors of poor cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. We here aimed to investigate the determinants of incident albuminuria and rapid progression of renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsType 2 diabetic outpatients (n = 215) with a mean baseline eGFR of 87 ± 20 mL min^− 1 1.73 m^− 2 were followed for 12 months. Urinary albuminuria was defined according to the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).ResultsAmong 132 patients with normoalbuminuria at baseline, 20 (15.2%) progressed to a more advanced stage of albuminuria within 1 year, and 20.5% of the 215 patients experienced a rapid decline in eGFR (eGFR reduction > 5 mL min^− 1 1.73 m^− 2 year^− 1). After adjusting for potential confounders, both baseline UACR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were found to be significant independent factors for incident albuminuria and a rapid decline of eGFR in separate models. Using receiver operating characteristic curves, systolic blood pressures of 132 and 138 mmHg were found to predict incident albuminuria and a rapid decline of eGFR, respectively.ConclusionsIn addition to baseline UACR, SBP is one of the most powerful modifiable independent risk factors for incident albuminuria and a rapid renal function decline in type 2 diabetic patients without symptomatic cardiovascular disease.     

Angiopep-2修饰的装载不同药物的纳米系统在胶质瘤中的应用

脑胶质瘤是常见的原发性颅内肿瘤,其难以治愈的主要原因为血脑脊液屏障（blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier）的存在阻碍了化疗药物进入脑内,大大降低了有效药物浓度。此外,肉眼可见的肿瘤已经处于中后期,失去了最佳的治疗时机。Angiopep-2为低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白（low density lipoprotein receptor related protein, LRP）的配体,血脑脊液屏障和胶质瘤细胞表面都高度表达LRP受体。Angiopep-2具有靶向性,将其修饰到装载化疗药物和显像剂的纳米粒子表面,可以实现靶向释药,提高胶质瘤成像效果。本文综述了以Angiopep-2修饰的装载不同药物的纳米系统在胶质瘤中的应用,为胶质瘤的诊断和治疗提供了思路和方法。     

3.0 T磁共振6个序列产生金属伪影程度的对比

目的 对比3.0 T磁共振检查常用的6种序列所产生金属伪影的程度。方法 制作4种实验铸造冠（钴铬合金、镍铬合金、低钛合金、纯钛）,给实验犬依次佩戴4种实验铸造冠,进行3.0 T磁共振自旋回波T₁加权像（T₁W/SE）、反转恢复T₂加权像（T₂W/IR）、T₂*梯度回波（T₂*/GRE）、快速自旋回波T₂加权像（T₂W/FSE）、液体衰减反转恢复T₁加权像（T₁W/FLAIR）、螺旋桨技术T₂加权像（T₂W/PROP）6种序列的头部扫描,测量6种扫描序列扫描4种铸造冠时所产生的伪影最大面积和伪影涉及图像的层数,对测量结果进行对比。结果 从扫描所得的图像及测量数据来看,无论扫描哪种金属,T₂*/GRE序列所产生的伪影最大面积和涉及的层数均明显大于其他序列（P<0.01）,其他5种序列间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 T₂*/GRE序列产生金属伪影程度最大,其余5种序列所产生的金属伪影程度相当。