Risk factors for plantar foot ulcer recurrence in patients with diabetes – A prospective pilot study

IntroductionDiabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with established recurrence risk factors evaluating patients from United States or Europe. There are scarce studies in developing countries about these risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with DFU recurrence in a Brazilian prospective cohort.Materials and methodsA prospective cohort of patients with healed DFU followed from January 2014 to June 2017 in Curitiba, Brazil. Periodic home visits from a specialist nurse in DFU were performed during the period of the study to evaluate recurrence of ulcer. The presence of risk factors in the group of patients that developed an ulcer in the follow-up period was compared with the presence of these factors in the group of patients without recurrence. At enrollment, 35 subjects presented a previous ulcer distal with complete healing to follow-up.ResultsFrom 35 patients, 15 were male (43%) and the mean age was of 65.8 ± 10.9 years (48–85 year). Most patients were married with a low income (<US$ 250/month). The mean BMI was 26.5 ± 5.6 kg/cm². Seventy-four percent (26/35) had another comorbidity. The mean duration of DM until ulcer was 14.6 ± 5.2 years. The global mortality during the study (3 years) was 14%. The DFU recurred in 23 patients (65.7%). Both groups had similar findings, except by lower income (<US$ 250/month) in the group of recurrent DFU.ConclusionRecurrence of DFU is frequent and associated with low familiar income in a pilot Brazilian study.     

深度学习模型对纯磨玻璃结节肺腺癌病理亚型的预测分析

目的 利用深度学习对CT上表现为纯磨玻璃密度结节(pGGN)的肺腺癌进行分型,并与手术病理结果对比,探讨其对病理亚型的预测价值。方法 收集219例(共240个病灶)经病理证实且胸部CT上表现为pGGN的肺腺癌患者的CT影像与病理资料,根据病理分型,将其分为非浸润性腺癌组[包括浸润前病变(不典型腺瘤样增生和原位腺癌)以及微浸润腺癌]和浸润性腺癌组。首先对pGGN进行勾画与标记,然后将标记好的数据随机分为学习训练组(80%)及验证测试组(20%),其中验证测试组中的结果需与两位胸部影像专家的诊断结果进行对比。结果 深度学习模型对pGGN肺腺癌病理亚型的预测取得了较高的性能。深度学习模型对pGGN判断的准确率为0.8330,95%CI为0.7016~0.9157,专家1对pGGN诊断的准确率为0.5000,95%CI为0.3639~0.6361,专家2对pGGN诊断的准确率为0.5625,95%CI为0.4227~0.6931,两位专家联合对pGGN诊断的准确率为0.5417,95%CI为0.4029~0.6743,深度学习模型的准确率明显高于专家个人及专家组(P=0.002)。专家个人前后两次诊断的一致性Kappa值分别为0.939和0.799,专家个人前后两次的诊断一致性为良好;专家间的一致性Kappa值为0.667,专家间的诊断一致性为中等(P=0.000)。结论 深度学习模型能相对准确地判别pGGN的病理类型,诊断效能优于专家组判断。     

宝石能谱CT在早期肺癌筛查中的应用价值

目的:探讨宝石能谱CT在早期肺癌筛查中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析常年吸烟或患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的体检者126例,同期进行GE lightspeedQX/1多层螺旋CT机及宝石能谱CT机扫描,检出结果分为对照组和实验组,分别统计两组检出率并作相关性对比分析及统计学处理.结果:对照组低剂量CT结节检出18例阳性,56个结节性病灶,28个伴有结节钙化,经手术证实恶性结节3例,体检检出率2.3％；支气管病变检出管壁狭窄增厚5例,肺部斑片状阴影3例.实验组宝石能谱CT检出31例阳性,82个结节性病灶,31个伴有结节钙化,经手术证实恶性结节5例,体检检出率3.9％；支气管病变检出管壁狭窄增厚11例,肺部斑片状阴影5例,阳性结果检出率明显高于对照组,而体检者辐射剂量平均值对照组为0.76 msy,实验组为0.73 mSv,两者相比无明显差异.结论:宝石能谱CT机对高危人群进行早期肺癌的筛查,既能做到和低剂量CT扫描一样的最优化辐射防护,而且能提高图像质量,提升阳性检出率,不失为一种筛查早期肺癌的重要方法.     

术中射频消融加肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝细胞性肝癌

目的探讨开腹术中射频消融（RFA）后行肝动脉造影（DSA）及肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗肝细胞性肝癌的必要性。方法开腹术中射频消融治疗原发性肝癌50例，术后2周常规行DSA及TACE术，再3周后复查CT及AFP。结果DSA＋TACE术发现肿瘤染色及碘化油聚集9例（18％），CT复查见碘化油异常沉积10例（10％），AFP转阴43例（86％），AFP不升高5例（10％），总有效率96％。结论开腹术中射频消融后行DSA＋TACE治疗肝细胞性肝癌是一种非常必要、有效的方法，有望能提高生存率。     

颅内生殖细胞瘤的影像学诊断

中枢神经系统生殖细胞瘤是一种少见的颅内肿瘤性病变,占所有儿童肿瘤的2%~3%,由于其对放疗和化疗高度敏感,早期准确诊断并及时治疗对患者的预后至关重要,绝大多数患者无需手术即可达到临床治愈的效果。颅内生殖细胞瘤好发于松果体区、鞍上、基底节区等部位,其发病年龄、性别、临床表现及影像学表现等方面各有一定的特点。本文对颅内生殖细胞瘤的临床及影像学特征进行归纳总结,以期进一步提高广大医师对该病的认识。     

肩关节磁共振扫描技术的研究

目的:探讨肩关节磁共振扫描技术、扫描参数。方法:30例肩关节患者行磁共振检查,扫描序列包括横轴位、冠状位T2WI、T1WI及矢状位T2WI,所有T2WI采用质子加权加脂肪抑制(PDW-FS)。结果:所有图像质量较高,特别是质子加权加脂肪抑制图像,对关节软骨、骨髓内信号改变,关节囊、软骨面下病变、周围软组织及肌肉内病变等显示清楚。结论:磁共振扫描参数的优化组合和脂肪抑制技术的应用有助于显示正常肩关节解剖结构及病变的定位,有助于临床诊断。     

Structural neuroimaging in preclinical dementia: From microstructural deficits and grey matter atrophy to macroscale connectomic changes

The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of neuroimaging studies characterising brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where both widespread atrophy and ‘signature’ brain regions have been implicated. In parallel, a prolonged latency period has been established in AD, with abnormal cerebral changes beginning many years before symptom onset. This raises the possibility of early therapeutic intervention, even before symptoms, when treatments could have the greatest effect on disease-course modification. Two important prerequisites of this endeavour are (1) accurate characterisation or risk stratification and (2) monitoring of progression using neuroimaging outcomes as a surrogate biomarker in those without symptoms but who will develop AD, here referred to as preclinical AD. Structural neuroimaging modalities have been used to identify brain changes related to risk factors for AD, such as familial genetic mutations, risk genes (for example apolipoprotein epsilon-4 allele), and/or family history. In this review, we summarise structural imaging findings in preclinical AD. Overall, the literature suggests early vulnerability in characteristic regions, such as the medial temporal lobe structures and the precuneus, as well as white matter tracts in the fornix, cingulum and corpus callosum. We conclude that while structural markers are promising, more research and validation studies are needed before future secondary prevention trials can adopt structural imaging biomarkers as either stratification or surrogate biomarkers.     

氩氦刀冷冻消融姑息治疗韧带样纤维瘤

目的探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融术在姑息治疗韧带样纤维瘤中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的5例术后复发的韧带样纤维瘤患者,采用CT引导经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术进行治疗。对比术前及术后肿瘤大小、密度、强化方式、临床症状及血液学指标的变化,分析术后并发症的发生情况。结果 5例患者均顺利完成消融治疗。其中2例患者分别行3次及4次消融治疗,术后CT增强扫描示消融区明显液化坏死,边界清晰;残余肿瘤可见不同程度强化,术后12个月复查,5例患者肿瘤缓解率为80%(4/5);临床症状均有不同程度好转;术后并发症主要为疼痛、发热、软组织肿胀、排尿不畅、会阴部麻木等,1例患者出现皮肤冻伤;术后患者血液学指标急性期升高。结论 CT引导经皮氩氦刀冷冻消融术具有创伤小、能有效降低瘤负荷、缓解临床症状等特点,可作为姑息治疗术后复发韧带样纤维瘤的一种有效方法。     

盆腔磁共振成像技术的临床应用研究

目的：探讨盆腔磁共振扫描成像技术的临床应用。方法：采用GE公司3．0T磁共振仪,对58例患者做盆腔磁共振成像,扫描方法及脉冲序列为横轴位FSE T2WI、FSE T1WI,冠状位及矢状位FSE T2WI,所有T2WI采用脂肪抑制技术。结果：横轴位能清晰显示病变与周围解剖结构的关系,冠状位、矢状斜位能清晰显示病变的大体轮廓及与相邻组织的关系。结论：正确的扫描方法、合理的参数和脉冲序列的正确使用有助于显示正常的盆腔解剖结构及病变,对定位和诊断可提供一定的参考价值。