腰椎后路椎体间植骨融合的疗效观察

目的探讨腰椎后路椎体间植骨融合的手术技术,观察疗效并评价其应用价值。方法对明确诊断下腰椎不稳的71例患者行后路双侧椎板间开窗减压,椎弓根螺钉固定,单侧切除椎间盘保留侧方及前方的纤维环,刮除终板的软骨层,植入足量的自体松质骨。术后不同随访时间观察症状改善及植骨融合情况。结果平均随访37．3个月（23～82个月）,原有的神经压迫症状消失,术后疼痛VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数改善率分别为（83．52±2．41％和（72．66±4．1）％。术后6～9个月移植骨间隙轮廓不清,CT示椎体与植骨块交界处无透亮区。11例（15．5％）患者融合不良,植骨块吸收,但症状改善。结论腰椎后路椎体间植骨融合术结合椎弓根固定符合腰椎的自然生物力学特征,即椎体的压力支撑原则以及后结构的张力带原则,是腰椎稳定性重建的理想植骨方法。     

Analysis of the incidence and clinical effect of the heterotopic ossification in a single-level cervical artificial disc replacement

Background contextHeterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-known phenomenon occurring after joint arthroplasty. However, its incidence and clinical effects have not yet been clearly identified with cervical disc replacement.PurposeThe first aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of HO in single-level cervical disc replacement. The second aim was to identify the relationship of HO with clinical outcomes and radiological findings.Study designA retrospective study of 48 patients who underwent single-level artificial disc replacement in one of our clinics.Patient sampleBetween November 2004 and December 2008, 48 consecutive patients underwent single-level cervical artificial disc replacement in Seoul Wooridul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.Outcomes measuresClinical outcomes were graded using visual analog scale (VAS) scores (score range, 0–10, with 0 reflecting no pain). Functional outcomes were measured using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. Radiological outcomes were evaluated with follow-up dynamic X-ray.MethodsOccurrence of HO was investigated with the McAfee classification on the follow-up cervical dynamic X-ray. We also measured cervical range of motion (ROM) to identify HO's biomechanical effects. For the clinical effects, the VAS and the ODI were evaluated in correlation with the occurrence of HO.ResultsIn 48 treated patients, a total of 13 HOs were detectable. Grade 1 and 2 HO occurred in 11 patients and Grade 3 HO in two patients. Mean occurrence of HO was observed on the 11th month after the surgery. HO that led to the restriction of the ROM was not present in any patients. The clinical outcome was not significantly correlated with the occurrence of HO.ConclusionsThe overall incidence of HO after cervical artificial disc replacement was relatively high. However, Grade 3 and 4 HO that limit the ROM rarely occurred. Moreover, the occurrence of HO did not affect the clinical symptoms and biomechanical dynamics. A longer follow-up with a larger group of patients should be undertaken, which may demonstrate a higher rate of HO and long-term effects on the ROM.     

掺锶冻干骨体内植入的生物相容性

背景:同种异体冻干骨是良好的骨移植材料,但在制备过程,其天然活性成分有所丢失或部分失活,成骨活性下降。努力改善冻干骨成骨活性,希望研制出一种能克服上述缺点的新型材料运用于临床。目的:观察掺锶冻干骨植入大鼠体内的生物学活性。方法:按照标准的冻干骨加工程序制备大鼠股骨髁冻干骨材料,采用氯化锶溶液浸泡方法制备掺锶冻干骨。将27只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组9只。SD大鼠钝性分离肌肉,造成股部肌袋,双侧均行手术。植入掺锶冻干骨作为实验组,同法植入未掺锶的普通冻干骨作为对照组。空白对照组双侧均不植入任何材料。分别于植入后4,8,12周处死各组动物3只,行大体观察、组织学观察,并依据炎性浸润及组织纤维化程度进行组织学评分。结果与结论:采用氯化锶溶液浸泡方法制作掺锶冻干骨,锶相对钙元素掺入摩尔浓度为4.2%时在骨质内层锶元素浓度分布比较均匀。实验组和对照组植入材料周围均可见炎性细胞、肉芽组织和血管生成,并随着时间推移,炎性浸润程度明显降低,而周围纤维组织包绕增加。空白对照组炎性浸润程度轻,少量组织纤维化。实验组和对照组与空白对照组相比,炎性浸润程度及组织纤维化程度组织学评分差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。说明通过温和的锶-钙离子交换方法可以在冻干骨中有效的掺入锶元素,获得一种掺锶冻干骨材料;该掺锶冻干骨具有良好的生物组织相容性,与普通冻干骨比较无明显差异。     

掺锶冻干骨体内植入的生物相容性

背景：同种异体冻干骨是良好的骨移植材料,但在制备过程,其天然活性成分有所丢失或部分失活,成骨活性下降。努力改善冻干骨成骨活性,希望研制出一种能克服上述缺点的新型材料运用于临床。目的：观察掺锶冻干骨植入大鼠体内的生物学活性。方法：按照标准的冻干骨加工程序制备大鼠股骨髁冻干骨材料,采用氯化锶溶液浸泡方法制备掺锶冻干骨。将27只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组9只。SD大鼠钝性分离肌肉,造成股部肌袋,双侧均行手术。植入掺锶冻干骨作为实验组,同法植入未掺锶的普通冻干骨作为对照组。空白对照组双侧均不植入任何材料。分别于植入后4,8,12周处死各组动物3只,行大体观察、组织学观察,并依据炎性浸润及组织纤维化程度进行组织学评分。结果与结论：采用氯化锶溶液浸泡方法制作掺锶冻干骨,锶相对钙元素掺入摩尔浓度为4.2%时在骨质内层锶元素浓度分布比较均匀。实验组和对照组植入材料周围均可见炎性细胞、肉芽组织和血管生成,并随着时间推移,炎性浸润程度明显降低,而周围纤维组织包绕增加。空白对照组炎性浸润程度轻,少量组织纤维化。实验组和对照组与空白对照组相比,炎性浸润程度及组织纤维化程度组织学评分差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。说明通过温和的锶-钙离子交换方法可以在冻干骨中有效的掺入锶元素,获得一种掺锶冻干骨材料;该掺锶冻干骨具有良好的生物组织相容性,与普通冻干骨比较无明显差异。     

同种异体半月板联合骨软骨移植的实验研究

目的:探讨新鲜同种异体半月板骨软骨联合移植治疗胫骨平台毁损伤后骨关节炎的疗效。方法:成年新西兰大白兔36只,随机分为A、B、C3组,各12只。A组行右膝内侧半月板连同胫骨平台骨软骨移植,克氏针交叉固定骨块。B组行右膝内侧半月板移植,左膝内侧半月板取出制备新鲜冷冻半月板。C组行左膝内侧新鲜冷冻半月板移植。术后4、8、12周分批取材行大体观察、组织学检查和胫骨平台软骨氨基己糖(GAG)测定。结果:12周时A组移植胫骨平台软骨与B、C组半月板移植术后的内侧胫骨平台软骨氨基己糖含量差异无统计学意义;A、B组移植的半月板纤维软骨细胞数差异无统计学意义;A组半月板移植的纤维软骨细胞数多于C组。结论:新鲜同种异体半月板骨软骨联合移植能修复胫骨平台毁损伤。     

N-对甲苯磺基-L-苯乙胺酰氯甲基酮（TPCK）对晶状体氧化应激混浊程度和热稳定性的影响

目的　观察N-对甲苯磺基-L-苯乙胺酰氯甲基酮（N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl-chloromethyl Ketone,TPCK）干预对延缓晶状体混浊程度的作用,并初步分析TPCK在晶状体氧化应激状态下的保护作用。方法　取同窝SD大鼠离体培养晶状体36个,随机分为3组:空白对照组、过氧化氢组（H₂O₂组）和药物干预组（TPCK组）,每组12个。于晶状体培养12 h显微镜下观察离体培养晶状体混浊的情况并分别计分;然后每组取一个晶状体匀浆进行热稳定性分析;其余所有晶状体匀浆后测定谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）含量。结果　TPCK组晶状体混浊程度（8.33%）明显低于H₂O₂组（83.33%）,差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.862,P<0.05）。TPCK组GSH含量为（2.36±0.29）μmol·g^-1,与H₂O₂组（1.12±0.08）μmol·g^-1相比明显升高,低于空白对照组（3.52±0.30）μmol·g^-1,差异有统计学意义（F=232.89,P<0.05）。结论　TPCK作为一种烷基化试剂竞争性结合晶状体蛋白巯基而减轻了其氧化损伤程度。TPCK能稳定晶状体蛋白的热变性。     

Preoperative pain sensitivity predicts postoperative pain severity and analgesics requirement in lumbar fusion surgery – a prospective observational study

BACKGROUND CONTENTThe goal of postoperative pain management is to facilitate the patient's return to normal activity and decrease the detrimental effects of acute postsurgical pain. In order to provide more tailored and successful pain treatment, it is necessary to identify individuals who are at a high risk of experiencing severe postoperative pain. The most precise way to assess pain sensitivity is by determining the pressure pain threshold and heat pain threshold by objective methods using a digital algometer and neurotouch respectively.PURPOSEThe primary aim of the study is to assess the preoperative pain threshold and its influence on postoperative pain severity and analgesics requirements in patients undergoing lumbar fusion surgeries.STUDY DESIGNProspective, observational study.PATIENT SAMPLESixty patients requiring a single-level lumbar fusion surgery.OUTCOME MEASURESPostoperative pain intensity and the amount of postoperative analgesics consumption.METHODSIn our patients, preoperative pain sensitivity was assessed by pressure pain threshold measurements with the help of a digital algometer, and heat pain threshold using a neurotouch instrument. In addition, pain sensitivity questionnaires (PSQ) were used in all our patients to determine pain sensitivity. Preoperative psychosocial and functional assessments were performed by Hospital anxiety-depression scores (HADS), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) respectively. Preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) score was determined at three instances of needle prick (phlebotomy, glucometer blood sugar, and intradermal antibiotic test dose) and during the range of movements of the lumbar spine region. Postoperative VAS score and postoperative breakthrough analgesic requirements were recorded in all of these patients from day 0 to day 3.RESULTSThe average age of the patients was 51.11±13.467 years and 70% were females. Females had lower mean algometry values (72.14±7.56) compared to males (77.34±6.33). Patients with higher HADS (p<.0016), higher PSQ (p<.001), higher ODI scores(p<.001), and female gender significantly correlated with a lower algometer average indicating high pain sensitivity. Patients with lower preoperative VAS scores and with higher neurotouch scores showed lower postoperative VAS scores at different time periods. Preoperative VAS scores, algometer average scores, neurotouch scores, and HADS scores were considered as independent variables (predictors) for postoperative VAS at 6 hours period. By the multivariate analysis, factors like preoperative VAS scores, algometer average scores, and HADS scores were statistically significant (p<.05). There was a significant correlation between algometer average scores (p<.001) with the breakthrough analgesics.CONCLUSIONPreoperative assessment of pain sensitivity can predict postoperative analgesic requirements and aid in recovery. Patients with a lower pain threshold should be counseled preoperatively and also receive a better titration of analgesics perioperatively.