A systematic review of the protective role of swertiamarin in cardiac and metabolic diseases

BackgroundSwertiamarin, is a secoiridoid glycoside found in genera of Enicostemma Species (Enicostemma littorale and Enicostemma axillare) belonging to the family of gentianaceae, which has been reported to cure many diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arthritis, malaria and abdominal ulcers. However, to the best of our knowledge, till date systematic studies to understand the molecular basis of cardiac and metabolic disease preventing properties of swertiamarin has not been reported.Aim of the reviewThe present review aims to compile an up-to-date information on the progress made in the protective role of swertiamarin in cardiac and metabolic diseases with the objective of providing a guide for future research on this bioactive molecule.Materials and methodsInformation on the swertiamarin was collected from major scientific databases (Pubmed, Springer, google scholar, and Web of Science) for publication between1974-2016. In this review, the protective role of swertiamarin on cardiac and metabolic diseases was discussed.ResultsSwertiamarin reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as anti-atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These activities were mainly due to its effect on various signaling pathways associated with cardiac remodeling events such as inhibition of NF-kB expression, LDL oxidation, apoptosis, inflammatory and lipid peroxidation markers and stimulation of antioxidant enzymes.ConclusionSweriamarin exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This review presents evidence supporting the point of view that swertiamarin should be considered a potential therapeutic agent against cardiac and metabolic diseases, giving rise to novel applications in their prevention and treatment.     

白屈菜饮片的性状与主要成分间关系分析

目的:确定白屈菜饮片的性状与主要成分间关系分析。方法:采用HPLC,测定样品主要成分,采用感观评定法,评价白屈菜的性状,采用相关度公式计算性状与成分的相关度。结果:所制定的HPLC法能够测定白屈菜碱等6个成分的含量,结合感观评定结果,性状与成分具有一定的相关性。性状描述"有的可见白粉,有的具白色柔毛,有时可见黄色小花"等与总碱相似度非常低,说明这些性状与总碱含量没有关系。其中"茎干瘪中空"的描述和总碱含量的相似度高,说明茎量的多少关系到了总碱含量的高低。而"叶多破碎"的性状描述和总碱的相似度是较高的负相关,说明叶相对多(或破碎的较多)的话,总碱含量要少,反之则含量相对较高。结论:所建立的HPLC含量测定方法,简单易行,性状与成分具有一定的相关性。该研究给白屈菜性状描述进行客观量化,并与白屈菜主要成分进行关联,进而从性状外观上初步判断白屈菜质量,为白屈菜在市场中凭经验鉴定提供一定的理论根据,也为其他中药的性状研究提供了一个思路。     

北美刺人参叶挥发油的化学成分研究

目的：对北美刺人参叶挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油，利用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用程序升温法对挥发油的化学成分进行了分析。结果：检出45个色谱峰，共鉴定了44个成分，所鉴定的化学成分占挥发油总成分的99．46％。结论：北美刺人参叶挥发油中主要成分为2-甲基-6-对甲苯基-2-庚烯（34．4％）和叶绿素醇（8．13％）。     

解郁丸联合米氮平治疗卒中后抑郁症的临床效果

目的:观察解郁丸联合米氮平治疗卒中后抑郁症的临床效果。方法:选取80例卒中后抑郁症患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组使用米氮平治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合解郁丸治疗,比较两组临床疗效、不良反应发生率及抑郁状态。结果:观察组治疗有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分均明显低于治疗前,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与单用米氮平相比,米氮平联合解郁丸治疗卒中后抑郁症的效果更显著,可有效缓解患者抑郁症状,且安全性高。     

Reengineering autologous bone grafts with the stem cell activator WNT3A

Autologous bone grafting represents the standard of care for treating bone defects but this biomaterial is unreliable in older patients. The efficacy of an autograft can be traced back to multipotent stem cells residing within the bone graft. Aging attenuates the viability and function of these stem cells, leading to inconsistent rates of bony union. We show that age-related changes in autograft efficacy are caused by a loss in endogenous Wnt signaling. Blocking this endogenous Wnt signal using Dkk1 abrogates autograft efficacy whereas providing a Wnt signal in the form of liposome-reconstituted WNT3A protein (L-WNT3A) restores bone forming potential to autografts from aged animals. The bioengineered autograft exhibits significantly better survival in the hosting site. Mesenchymal and skeletal stem cell populations in the autograft are activated by L-WNT3A and mitotic activity and osteogenic differentiation are significantly enhanced. In a spinal fusion model, aged autografts treated with L-WNT3A demonstrate superior bone forming capacity compared to the standard of care. Thus, a brief incubation in L-WNT3A reliably improves autologous bone grafting efficacy, which has the potential to significantly improve patient care in the elderly.     

HPLC测定亚贡叶中沼菊素含量简

目的：建立亚贡叶中沼菊素的含量测定方法,为亚贡叶的质量控制提供科学依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,条件为：Agilent Eclipse XDB-CN（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）色谱柱,以甲醇-水（34∶66）为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长：210 nm,柱温30℃。结果：沼菊素在0.081-5.190μg（r=1）线性关系良好,平均回收率为96.69%（RSD=1.35%）。结论：该方法操作简便、准确、重现性好,其结果可为亚贡叶的质量控制和新药研究提供参考。     

LncRNA SENCR overexpression attenuated the proliferation,migration and phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells in aortic dissection via the miR-206/myocardin axis

Background and aimsSmooth muscle and endothelial cell-enriched migration/differentiation-associated lncRNA (SENCR) has been reported to be associated with some cardiovascular diseases; however, its function and exact molecular mechanism in aortic dissection (AD) remain undefined. Thus, we investigated the effects of SENCR on AD and its potential mechanisms.Methods and resultsSENCR expression in aortic media specimens from AD patients was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The roles of SENCR in vascular smooth muscle cell (VMSC) proliferation and migration as well as in the regulation of contractile phenotype genes were studied using CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, qPCR and Western blot assays. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify the regulatory correlation between SENCR, miR-206 and myocardin. Furthermore, mouse AD models were constructed with ApoE^?/- mice, and the effect of upregulated SENCR on phenotypic switching in the AD model was detected using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. SENCR overexpression inhibited VSMC proliferation, migration and synthetic phenotype-related gene expression; decreased miR-206 expression; increased myocardin expression; and suppressed rupture of the aortic media in mice. SENCR knockdown had the opposite effects. Our results further suggested that miR-206 upregulation could reverse the inhibitory roles of SENCR upregulation and that myocardin upregulation could restore the function of SENCR upregulation in VSMCs. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that SENCR regulated miR-206, which directly targeted myocardin in VSMCs.ConclusionSENCR overexpression suppressed VMSC proliferation and migration, maintained the contractile phenotype and suppressed aortic dilatation via the miR-206/myocardin axis.     

HPLC法测定盐炙前后知母中新芒果苷、芒果苷和异芒果苷

目的建立HPLC法同时测定盐炙前后知母中新芒果苷、芒果苷、异芒果苷,并比较盐炙前后3种成分的差异。方法采用HPLC法,Ecosil色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈–0.2%冰醋酸,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 m L/min,检测波长258 nm,柱温室温,进样量10μL。结果新芒果苷、芒果苷、异芒果苷分别在0.860 0~17.200 0μg、0.806 5~16.130 0μg、0.039 0~0.780 0μg与峰面积的线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为98.32%、98.30%、97.27%,RSD值分别为0.87%、0.74%、0.71%(n=6)。知母盐炙后新芒果苷、异芒果苷的量减少,而芒果苷的量增加。结论该方法准确、专属性强、灵敏度高,可用于知母中新芒果苷、芒果苷、异芒果苷的质量控制方法。新芒果苷、芒果苷之间可能在炮制过程中发生了转化,可为进一步研究盐知母炮制机制提供参考。     

齿叶白鹃梅叶中黄酮类化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性研究

[目的]研究齿叶白鹃梅叶中分离得到的黄酮类化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。[方法]以96微孔板法测定α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。[结果]齿叶白鹃梅叶中多个黄酮类化合物具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,其中木犀草素,木犀草素-7-O-β-D-新橙皮糖苷,芹菜素,芹菜素-7-O-β-D-新橙皮糖苷,槲皮素,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性高于阿卡波糖。[结论]黄酮类化合物可能是齿叶白鹃梅叶具有降糖作用的物质基础。     

伤痛宁胶囊的质量标准研究

摘 要 目的： 建立伤痛宁胶囊的质量标准。方法: 采用显微鉴别方法对方中僵蚕、全蝎、土鳖虫、地龙、三七、天麻进行鉴别;采用薄层色谱法对方中川芎、当归、三七、续断、甘草进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对甘草苷进行含量测定：色谱柱为Agilent TC C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-水（15∶85）,流速为1.0 ml·min^-1,检测波长为276 nm。结果: 显微鉴别特征明显可见;薄层色谱鉴别斑点清晰、分离较好,阴性对照无干扰;甘草苷在0.341～1.193 μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,平均加样回收率为98.97%,RSD=0.77%（n = 6）。结论:方法准确可靠、重现性好,能有效控制伤痛宁胶囊的药品质量,为完善和提高伤痛宁胶囊的质量标准提供了依据。