瘢痕性隐耳的手术修复

目的探讨瘢痕性隐耳的定义及其伴有部分或完全耳垂缺损的手术修复效果。方法采用局部皮瓣加全厚皮片分区移植法，分别完成耳廓与颅侧壁及乳突部粘连松解、颅耳角形成、耳轮重建、耳垂再造或重建手术，对26例33只瘢痕性隐耳进行矫正。结果所有皮瓣均100％成活，移植皮片95％以上存活；耳廓外形尚较满意，主要结构可辨，颅耳角基本恢复。术后随访3个月至1年．结果表明，耳廓外形保持良好，患者满意。结论针对瘢痕性隐耳的畸形特征，采取相应的手术方法，是矫正瘢痕性隐耳的有效手段。     

Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts by upregulating the expression of BMPRII localized at the base of primary cilium

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been considered as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, however, the mechanism of its action is still elusive. We have previously reported that 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMFs stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in a primary cilium- dependent manner, but did not know the reason. In the current study, we found that the PEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) by activating bone morphogenetic protein BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling on the condition that primary cilia were normal. Further studies revealed that BMPRII, the primary binding receptor of BMP ligand, was readily and strongly upregulated by PEMF treatment and localized at the bases of primary cilia. Abrogation of primary cilia with small interfering RNA sequence targeting IFT88 abolished the PEMF-induced upregulation of BMPRII and its ciliary localization. Knockdown of BMPRII expression level with RNA interference had no effects on primary cilia but significantly decreased the promoting effect of PEMFs on osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. These results indicated that PEMFs stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblast by primary cilium-mediated upregulation of BMPRII expression and subsequently activation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, and that BMPRII is the key component linking primary cilium and BMP-Smad1/5/8 pathway. This study has thus revealed the molecular mechanism for the osteogenic effect of PEMFs.     

肿瘤学面临的几个难题

虽然肿瘤学就像多细胞生物体一样衰老，但至今仍然有许多令人困惑的难题。本文提出并回答“肿瘤为什么存在？肿瘤从哪里来？肿瘤是什么样子？肿瘤能治愈吗？如何理解肿瘤临床试验的概率？”等几个难题，以期预测未来肿瘤研究的方向。     

Effect of Al–5Ti–C Master Alloy on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al–20%Si Alloy

Al–5Ti–C master alloy was prepared and used to modify hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy. The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy with Al–5Ti–C master alloy additions (0, 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 wt%) were investigated. The results show that, Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 10 min) can significantly refine both eutectic and primary Si of hypereutectic Al–20%Si alloy. The morphology of the primary Si crystals was significantly refined from a coarse polygonal and star-like shape to a fine polyhedral shape and the grain size of the primary Si was refined from roughly 90–120 μm to 20–50 μm. The eutectic Si phases were modified from a coarse platelet-like/needle-like structure to a fine fibrous structure with discrete particles. The Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 30 min) still has a good refinement effect. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation (El) and Brinell hardness (HB) of Al–20%Si alloy modified by the Al–5Ti–C master alloy (0.6 wt%, 10 min) increased by roughly 65%, 70% and 51%, respectively, due to decreasing the size and changing the morphology on the primary and eutectic Si crystals. The change in mechanical properties corresponds to evolution of the microstructure.     

Inhibition effects of parathyroid hormone on human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells

Objective:The purpose of the study was to investigate the ef ects of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hor-mone receptor monoclonal antibody on in vitro growth and proliferation of human medul ary thyroid carcinoma celllines. Methods:The medul ary thyroid carcinoma cellline was cultured in vitro, with parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptor monoclonal antibody treatment intervention, the growth of the cells was observed under an inverted contrast micro-scope, the MTT assay was used to detect the cellgrowth inhibition rate. Results:Under the inverted contrast microscope, the cells changed significantly, the parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptor monoclonal antibodies can ef ectively inhibit the proliferation of medul ary thyroid cancer cells in a time and dose dependent. When parathyroid hormone concentra-tion reached a concentration of 2.0μmol/L, the parathyroid hormone receptor monoclonal antibody reached a concentration of 1.0μmol/L, the cellgrowth was most significantly inhibited (P<0.05). Conclusion:Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone receptor monoclonal antibody were able to inhibit the proliferation of medul ary thyroid carcinoma cells and signifi-cantly reduce the proliferation index.     

不同剂量等比重布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术的临床观察

目的观察不同剂量等比重布比卡因腰麻用于剖宫产手术的麻醉效果、并发症，并探讨其安全性。方法剖宫产手术患者200例，ASAI～II级，随机分为两组，蛛网膜下腔注入0．75％布比卡因2．0ml（A组）和注入0．75％布比卡因1．6ml（B组）。监测并记录两组产妇麻醉前（T1），注药后5rain（T2），取出胎儿后（T3），缝合腹膜时（T4）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）和血氧饱和度（SPO2），记录两组产妇感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞最高平面、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞和感觉阻滞恢复时间。记录两组产妇阻滞后低血压、心动过缓发生率和术中牵拉反应。结果两组产妇年龄、体重、身高和孕龄等一般情况差异均无统计学意义。T2时A组MAP明显低于T1时和B组，HR明显快于T1时和B组（P〈0．05）。两组SPO：组间组内差异无统计学意义。B组感觉阻滞起效时间和运动阻滞起效时间明显长于A组（P〈0．05）。A组感觉阻滞平面明显高于B组（P〈0．05）。B组低血压、心动过缓、恶心呕吐、呼吸困难、牵拉反应和心动过缓等不良反应发生率明显低于A组（P〈0．05）。结论0．75％布比卡因1．6ml腰麻用于剖宫产手术不仅能满足手术需求，与0．75％布比卡因2．0ml用于脊麻相比，安全性更高。     

多种措施对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染的干预效果分析

目的：评价多种措施干预对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）医院感染的防控效果。方法对实施多种措施（集中消毒、中心供应、感染防控实时监控和定期通报等）干预前（2011年1月1日至2011年12月31日）、后（2012年1月1日至2013年8月31日）兰州军医总医院住院患者中发生MRSA医院感染患者各117例的感染发生率、感染部位与科室分布、标本来源及干预效果进行调查分析。结果干预前医院感染例次率为2．0％（983/50054），其中MRSA感染率为0．2％（119/50054），占医院感染例次的12．1％。干预后医院感染例次率为1．4％（1592/111060），其中MRSA感染例次率为0．1％（117/111060），占医院感染例次的7．4％。干预前，MRSA医院感染较高的科室是急诊科、神经内科、综合重症监护病房（ICU）、神经外科、呼吸科，分别占28．6％（34/119）、21．8％（26/119）、14．3％（17/119）、10．0％（12/119）、5．0％（6/119）；干预后神经内科8．5％（10/117）和综合ICU7．7％（9/117）取得较为显著的控制效果。感染部位以下呼吸道为首，占87．7％（207/236），其次是手术伤口、泌尿道、血液感染，分别占5．9％（14/236）、2．1％（5/236）、2．1％（5/236）。结论以集中消毒、中心供应为主的多种措施干预对MRSA医院感染具有较好的防控作用。     

Ⅰ期植骨联合非接触钢板技术治疗股骨创伤后感染性骨缺损八例

2012年7月至2015年7月，兰州军区兰州总医院对8例股骨创伤后骨髓炎患者彻底清创后采用锁定钢板非接触技术固定骨折端，钢板置于大腿外侧皮下、股外侧肌的外侧。Ⅰ期切取不带皮质髂骨颗粒状松质骨植在清创后血运良好的骨缺损部位，尽量充满死腔，术后放置引流管。8例均顺利完成手术，手术时间120～150 min，平均（130±10）min；术后使用抗菌药物6周；引流管平均放置时间为8 d左右；患者随访12～48个月，平均（19±7）个月。其中7例术后复查X线摄片显示骨愈合，平均愈合时间为（16±5）周；1例感染复发，再次清创后改行骨搬移术。8例均未发生钢板及螺丝钉断裂、松动及固定失败。     

支气管肺泡灌洗在小儿肺部疾病中的应用进展

支气管肺泡灌洗是用液体直接灌注，将支气管、肺泡内的分泌物、积滞物通过稀释、吸引迅速排除，起到了类似外科清创、引流排毒的作用，并以此缓解气道阻塞、改善呼吸功能、控制感染。该项技术在肺部疾病的诊断和治疗应用方面已成为主要手段之一。由于该项技术较为安全且相对无损伤，在肺科领域得到了较为广泛的应用，并日益受到临床的高度重视。该文对支气管肺泡灌洗术在小儿肺部疾病方面的临床应用研究进展进行了综述。