Thioether-functionalized trifluoromethyl-alkynes, 1,3-dienes and allenes: divergent synthesis from reaction of 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-conjugated enynes with sulfur nucleophiles

A divergent synthesis of thioether-functionalized trifluoromethyl-alkynes, 1,3-dienes and allenes via regioselective nucleophilic addition of sulfur nucleophiles to 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-conjugated enynes was developed. The addition patterns depend on the type of enyne, sulfur nucleophile and reaction conditions used. 1,4-Addition leading to thioether-functionalized trifluoromethyl-allenes was realized when enynes possessing electron-withdrawing aryl groups on the alkyne moiety were used as reaction partners and alkanethiols were used as nucleophiles, whereas solvent-controlled construction of thioether-functionalized 1,3-dienes and alkynes was realized, respectively, via a 3,4-addition pattern or 1,2-addition pattern if thiophenols were applied as nucleophiles. The three types of compounds containing both sulfur and fluorine elements are valuable building blocks for synthesis of multifunctional fluorinated vinyl sulfides and thiophene derivatives.

A divergent synthesis of thioether-functionalized trifluoromethyl-alkynes, 1,3-dienes and allenes viaregioselective nucleophilic addition of sulfur nucleophiles to 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-conjugated enynes was developed.     

Characterization and cross-species amplification of 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci of Hemibagrus macropterus (Bleeker) in the Yangtze River

Conservation Genetics Resources - Hemibagrus macropterus (Bleeker) is endemic to the upper Yangtze River basin and the Zhujiang River basin in China. By using the fast isolation by amplified...     

恩施巴戟环烯醚萜苷类成分提取工艺优选及抗氧化活性研究

目的 优化恩施巴戟中主要环烯醚萜苷类成分提取工艺,评价恩施巴戟体外抗氧化活性。方法 选择经典的加热回流提取法,以乙醇体积分数、溶剂倍量、提取时间为考察因素,以浸膏得率和水晶兰苷含量的综合评分为评判指标,设计正交试验筛选最佳提取工艺条件;测定总还原能力、DPPH清除率、羟自由基清除率,检测其体外抗氧化活性。结果 最佳提取工艺条件为6倍量的60%的乙醇加热回流2 h;恩施巴戟具有一定的抗氧化能力,乙酸乙酯部位活性最佳。结论 优化的提取工艺稳定可行,可用于提取恩施巴戟的环烯醚萜苷类成分,该研究初步证明了恩施巴戟具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from elongate loach (Leptobotia elongate), a threatened fish species endemic to the Yangtze River

Elongate loach (Leptobotia elongate) is a threatened fish species endemic to the Yangtze River in China. A first set of 22 polymorphism microsatellite loci isolated from this species was characterized. The number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 2 to 12, from 0.2667 to 1.000 and from 0.2391 to 0.9011, respectively. Seven loci significantly deviated from Hardy?CWeinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.204 to 0.857. Ten loci were highly informative, 11 were moderately informative, and one was slightly informative. These polymorphic microsatellite markers will be useful for genetic monitoring of natural populations and management of breeding stocks in hatcheries.     

2-脱氧-L-核糖重要中间体2-脱氧-α-1，3，4-O-苯甲酰-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖的合成工艺改进

目的合成2-脱氧-L-核糖的重要中间体2-脱氧-α-1，3，4-O-苯甲酰-L-阿拉伯吡喃糖。方法以L-厂阿拉伯糖为起始原料，经酰化、溴化、氢化三步反应合成目标化合物。结果改进后总收率由文献的30％提高到41．2％。其结构经质谱、氢谱测试确证。结论该工艺与文献相比操作简便，易于工业化大生产，收率高。     

药理学教学质量提升路径研究

药理学教学与临床合理用药联系紧密.结合近几年的教学经验,从重视药理学学习方法、激发学习兴趣、综合利用多种教学方式、加强课后学习以及提高教师专业水平等几方面,探讨如何提高药理学教学质量.     

独立学院大学生人际交往团体心理辅导研究

目的 探讨团体辅导对独立学院大学生交往焦虑和交流恐惧的影响.方法 对10名学生进行6次团体辅导.用交往焦虑量表、交流恐惧量表进行前后测,并在结束后让成员填写团体成员评价表.结果 ①团体辅导后,成员交往焦虑量表(IAS)得分显著降低(t=2.902,P＜0.05);②交流恐惧量表(PRCA)总分显著降低(t=2.3...     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the purification process of anthocyanins from purple Solanum tuberosum by AB-8 macroporous resin combined with alcohol precipitation method. METHODS Using River John Blue genotype purple Solanum tuberosum as raw material, purple Solanum tuberosum anthocyanin crude extract was obtained by leaching method. Then, the purification process of the crude extract was studied by using static adsorption (stirring, loading concentration, loading pH, eluent concentration, eluent pH) and dynamic adsorption (loading flow rate and elution flow rate), respectively, taking adsorption rate, resolution rate and color value as the evaluation indexes. On the basis of the single factor experiment, orthogonal optimization analysis was carried out to get the final optimized process condition. RESULTS The optimum conditions for the purification of AB-8 macroporous resin were as follows stirring, loading concentration 0.500 mg??mL^-1, loading pH 2, ethanol concentration 70% and elution pH 1. The column flow rate was 1 mL??min^-1, and the elution flow rate was 1 mL??min^-1. Under this condition, the color value of anthocyanin was able to reach 75.40, which was 8.43 times higher than that before purification. CONCLUSION The purification method has high feasibility and can improve the purity and color value of anthocyanins, which laids a foundation for the market development and application of anthocyanins of purple Solanum tuberosum.     

不同等级厚朴饮片质量评价指标的系统聚类分析

目的:建立厚朴饮片质量评价指标的聚类分析,规范该饮片的质量规格。方法:测定不同产地及同一产地不同树龄厚朴饮片的水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物、挥发油、厚朴酚与和厚朴酚的含量,并对其进行不同类间距离聚类分析。结果:厚朴饮片的水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物、挥发油及总酚的含量与厚朴的级别呈正相关。厚朴饮片可分为三个等级,一级饮片:规格为厚度4~6 mm,挥发油质量分数0.7%,水溶性浸出物质量分数10%,醇溶性浸出物质量分数20%,厚朴酚与和厚朴酚总质量分数15%。二级饮片:规格为厚度2~4 mm,挥发油质量分数0.35%,水溶性浸出物质量分数5%,醇溶性浸出物质量分数8%,厚朴酚与和厚朴酚总质量分数7%。三级饮片:低于以上各指标值的均归为此类。结论:利用质量指标评价厚朴饮片与传统分级存在一定的相关性,为综合评价厚朴饮片质量规格提供了新思路。