喘敷灵巴布剂提取工艺研究

目的优选喘敷灵巴布剂的提取工艺。方法以乙醇浓度、粉碎度、乙醇用量和回流次数为可变因素,以白芥子中芥子碱硫氰酸盐的提取量和干浸膏率为评价指标,采用L9(34)正交试验优选提取工艺。结果优选工艺为:以6倍量50%乙醇进行回流,回流3次,每次2h。结论优选的提取工艺合理,为进一步研究提供了良好的基础。     

和厚朴酚自微乳给药系统制备工艺响应面法优化及质量评价研究

目的 优化和厚朴酚自微乳给药系统(HN-SMEDDS)制备工艺,并对其质量进行评价.方法 采用拟三元相图法筛选HN-SMEDDS的辅料.在此基础上,以微乳粒径大小为评价指标,应用星点设计-响应面法优化HN-SMEDDS处方.然后采用电导率法对最优处方的HN-SMEDDS进行结构表征,并对其质量进行体外评价.结果 优化后...     

神经内科死亡病例医院感染调查分析

目的：了解神经内科死亡患者发生医院感染的情况和危险因素,为神经内科的危重患者护理提供科学依据。方法：调查整理神经内科2003年8月～2006年8月147例死亡患者。结果：147例死亡患者发生医院感染51例,医院感染率为34．69％。发生医院感染的死亡患者中,不同基础疾病组、不同年龄、不同住院时间和是否有侵入性操作患者数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,不同性别患者数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。医院感染发生在下呼吸道和泌尿道分别占52．94％和23．53％。结论：神经内科死亡患者医院感染的发生与基础疾病、年龄、住院时间和侵入性操作有关。医院感染发生部位以下呼吸道和泌尿道多见,神经内科在对危重患者护理的关键在于科学护理和做好消毒隔离。     

Molecular mechanism for the effects of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin on mouse embryo survival

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) can cause animal enteritis and diarrhea. However, the possible association of LT with embryo survival in pregnant animals and the mechanisms involved remain unknown. To investigate the effects of LT on embryo survival, we treated mouse early embryos in vitro and pregnant mice in vivo with recombinant LT. LT significantly decreased mouse embryo survival, and induced IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-1β production in the serum and placental tissue. LT also triggered IL-1β release from LPS-primed microphages, suggesting LT can activate inflammasomes. To determine the pathway involved in LT-induced inflammasome activation, small interfering RNAs were used to knockdown NLRP3 and ASC, the key components of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Ablation of NLRP3 and ASC abolished LT-induced IL-1β release, confirming the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome. By comparing two subunits of LT, only LTA but not LTB subunit was identified to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.     

Isolation,Identification, and Genomic Analysis of a Novel Reovirus from Healthy Grass Carp and Its Dynamic Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo

A new grass carp reovirus (GCRV), healthy grass carp reovirus (HGCRV), was isolated from grass carp in 2019. Its complete genome sequence was determined and contained 11 dsRNAs with a total size of 23,688 bp and 57.2 mol% G+C content, encoding 12 proteins. All segments had conserved 5'' and 3'' termini. Sequence comparisons showed that HGCRV was closely related to GCRV-873 (GCRV-I; 69.57–96.71% protein sequence identity) but shared only 22.65–45.85% and 23.37–43.39% identities with GCRV-HZ08 and Hubei grass carp disease reovirus (HGDRV), respectively. RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) protein-based phylogenetic analysis showed that HGCRV clustered with Aquareovirus-C (AqRV-C) prior to joining a branch common with other aquareoviruses. Further analysis using VP6 amino acid sequences from Chinese GCRV strains showed that HGCRV was in the same evolutionary cluster as GCRV-I. Thus, HGCRV could be a new GCRV isolate of GCRV-I but is distantly related to other known GCRVs. Grass carp infected with HGCRV did not exhibit signs of hemorrhage. Interestingly, the isolate induced a typical cytopathic effect in fish cell lines, such as infected cell shrank, apoptosis, and plague-like syncytia. Further analysis showed that HGCRV could proliferate in grass carp liver ({"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"L28824","term_id":"479012"}}L28824), gibel carp brain (GiCB), and other fish cell lines, reaching a titer of up to 7.5 × 10⁴ copies/μL.     

Pathological and microbiological findings from mortality of the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus)

The Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus, is a nationally protected and cultured species in China. Recently, a severe epizootic occurred in cultured Chinese giant salamanders in Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Zhejiang provinces of China, causing substantial economic losses. The typical clinical signs of diseased larval animals were jaw and abdominal swelling and subcutaneous hemorrhaging. Diseased adult animals exhibited skin hemorrhages, ulceration of the hind limbs, and multiple hemorrhagic spots in the visceral organs. Histopathological observation indicated tissue necrosis and cytoplasmic inclusions in the spleen, liver and kidney, suggestive of viral disease. A viral agent was isolated from affected tissues in cell culture. The virus was determined to be pathogenic after experimental infection. Electron microscopy revealed iridovirus-like virions with a size of 140-180 nm in diameter inside the kidney of naturally infected animals and in cell culture. The major capsid protein (MCP) of the virus exhibited 98-99 % sequence identity to ranaviruses. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus belonged to the genus Ranavirus. Comparative analysis of the MCP gene sequence with those of other viruses previously isolated from Chinese giant salamanders revealed that these isolates were highly similar, although a few variations were observed. The virus was preliminarily named Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (GSIV).     

A first set of polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from Rhinogobio cylindricus

Rhinogobio cylindricus is an endemic freshwater fish species with relevant commercial importance in the Yangtze River, China. Nineteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed by fast isolation by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol. The number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 2 to 6, from 0.3333 to 1.000 and from 0.2943 to 0.7695, respectively. Ten loci were highly informative, nine were moderately informative. Six loci significantly deviated from Hardy?CWeinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. Two groups of couple loci exhibited significant linkage disequilibrium. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will provide useful genetic tools for population study and conservation genetics of R. cylindricus.     

A novel compound RY10-4 downregulates P-glycoprotein expression and reverses multidrug-resistant phenotype in human breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an important efflux transporter, is encoded by the MDR1 class of genes and is a major element of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon in breast cancers. The most common approved cause of MDR in cancer tissues is the over-expression of P-gp. At present, a novel potent anti-tumor compound RY10-4 has been synthesized by our team, which has a similar structure close to protoapigenone. We chose MCF-7/ADR cells, an adriamycin (ADR) – selected human breast tumor cell line with the MDR phenotype, to study the anticancer features of this novel compound in our experiments. In cytotoxicity and apoptosis tests, it was shown that RY10-4 significantly inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, potentiated ADR cytotoxicity and restored chemotherapy sensitivity in the MDR cancer cells. Furthermore, our results suggested that RY10-4 reversed MDR partially by down-regulation of P-gp and MDR1 expressions in the MCF-7/ADR cell line. Besides, it is seen that RY10-4 could reduce the intracellular ATP level. Our studies give the theoretical basis for the possible clinical applications of RY10-4 alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of MDR tumors.