Cellular immune responses of pigs induced by vaccination with either a whole cell sonicate or pepsin-digested Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae bacterin

Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae infection of pigs (swine dysentery) causes a mucohemorrhagic diarrhea resulting in significant economic losses for producers. A commercial vaccine consisting of a proteinase-digested bacterin has shown efficacy in the reduction of disease due to B. hyodysenteriae. Vaccines consisting of whole cell bacterins, however, generally fail to protect pigs from disease. In the present study, cellular immune responses induced by a proteinase-digested bacterin were compared to responses induced by a whole cell sonicate antigen preparation. In addition, usage of either squalene or Freund's incomplete adjuvants in combination with each antigen preparation was also compared. Both antigen preparations induced significant cellular immune responses as measured by in vitro (IFN-γ production and T cell proliferation) and in vivo methods (DTH responses). No significant differences were detected in proliferative, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), or delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses by pigs receiving either adjuvant or antigen preparation. T cells (CD3⁺) but not B cells from vaccinated animals proliferated in response to in vitro stimulation with B. hyodysenteriae antigen. CD8⁺ (single positive and CD4/CD8 double positive) and γδ⁺ T cells were particularly responsive. In addition, high percentages of both CD8 single positive and CD4/CD8 double positive cells were detected in antigen-stimulated cultures. These findings demonstrate the unique sensitivity of porcine CD8⁺ T cells to priming for recall response by vaccination with a proteinase-digested B. hyodysenteriae bacterin.     

Primary medical therapy for operable breast cancer

Fifty-seven patients with large but potentially operable primary breast cancer were treated with primary medical therapy rather than initial mastectomy, using chemotherapy (15) or endocrine therapy (42) with the tumour remaining in situ. Of patients treated with chemotherapy, one (7%) achieved a complete remission, and eight (53%) a partial response (overall response rate 60%). Only one patient had progressive disease while on chemotherapy. Of patients who received endocrine therapy, one (2%) achieved a complete response, and 19 (45%) a partial response (overall response rate 47%). Two patients progressed on endocrine therapy. Only 10 patients have so far had a subsequent mastectomy (18%), and 17 (30%) have had radiotherapy and/or conservative surgery. The rest are still on medical therapy.With a median follow-up of 19 months (range 6–42 months) only two patients have had a local recurrence after being disease-free and none have developed uncontrollable local recurrence. Eight (14%) have developed distant metastases and four (7%) have died of metastatic disease.Primary medical therapy may offer an effective alternative to mastectomy for patients with operable breast carcinomas too large for conservative surgery and merits further study.     

超声刀对腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术后卵巢功能的影响

目的评价超声刀对腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术后卵巢功能的影响。方法选取因双侧卵巢良性囊肿行腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术的患者80例,根据处理残留卵巢的不同方法随机分为超声刀组和镜下缝合组,每组40例。比较各组手术前后的雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)以及基础窦卵泡计数(AFC)的变化情况,术后随访12个月。结果全部患者均顺利完成手术,术中未发生任何并发症。两组术后均出现血清E2和AFC降低,FSH和LH增高,组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),两组与术前比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术中采用超声刀处理残留卵巢并不加重术后卵巢功能的损伤,相比采用镜下缝合法可以减少手术时间。     

淋病奈瑟菌体外药敏试验与治疗效果的相关性分析

目的探讨淋病奈瑟菌体外药敏试验与治疗效果的相关性。方法选取2017年6月至2019年6月青岛市胶州中心医院皮肤性病科分离培养出淋病奈瑟菌株的80例患者作为研究对象。随机分为观察组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。所有分离株均接受青霉素、环丙沙星、四环素、头孢曲松、大观霉素和阿奇霉素的药敏试验。根据药敏试验结果选择抗生素治疗,所有患者均随访评估临床治愈率。结果所有分离株均对环丙沙星耐药,耐药率100%;71株(88.75%)对青霉素耐药,其中15株(21.13%)为产生青霉素酶的淋病奈瑟菌;28株(35.00%)菌株对四环素耐药,其中5株(17.86%)为质粒介导高度耐四环素淋病奈瑟菌。70株(87.50%)、79株(98.75%)和25株(31.25%)分别对头孢曲松、大观霉素和阿奇霉素敏感。观察组起效时间明显短于对照组,总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组均出现轻微不良反应,观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论药敏试验提示淋病奈瑟菌对抗生素的耐药性较高。依据药敏试验结果,淋病患者选择合适的抗生素能够有效提高治疗效果,缩短起效时间,降低不良反应发生率,值得临床推广。