不同天然类敷料在运动性皮肤创伤中的应用现状与前景

目的：评价不同新型天然类敷料的性能特点和在运动性皮肤创伤中应用前景。方法：以＂敷料,天然生物材料,皮肤创伤＂为中文关键词;以＂surgical dressing,natural biomaterials,leptin and healing of wound＂为英文关键词,采用计算机检索1994-01/2010-12相关文章。纳入与有天然累敷料与皮肤创伤相关的文章;共检索到相关文献33余篇。经阅读标题、摘要、全文后,排除内容重复文献筛选后纳入22篇文献进行评价。结果：传统的敷料虽然有一定的吸湿和保护作用,但愈合过程中易黏连伤口,造成二次损伤,并且止血能力不足,透气性能差等。临床应用或实验的敷料很少由单一原料制备,一般是一种或几种原料共同合成,这样弥补了单一材料的不足并使其各自发挥优势。目前,纳米银敷料、复合材料敷料、细菌合成纤维敷料在动物实验中取得比较好的疗效。但大部分新型敷料还停留在临床试验或试用阶段,各种敷料的原料特点或自身缺陷对其大规模生产和应用还需要进一步研究。结论：应用于运动性皮肤创伤的敷料的发展将着重在于：一方面要加强止血、止痛、促进创伤快速修复的敷料发展;另一方面敷料能适应各种不同的恶劣环境;同时加强智能敷料的发展。     

PEGylated-thymoquinone-nanoparticle mediated retardation of breast cancer cell migration by deregulation of cytoskeletal actin polymerization through miR-34a

Thymoquinone (TQ), a major active constituent of black seeds of Nigella sativa, has potential medical applications including spectrum of therapeutic properties against different cancers. However, little is known about their effect on breast cancer cell migration, which is the cause of over 90% of deaths worldwide. Herein, we have synthesized TQ-encapsulated nanoparticles using biodegradable, hydrophilic polymers like polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) to overcome TQ's poor aqueous solubility, thermal and light sensitivity as well as consequently, minimal systemic bioavailability which can greatly improve the cancer treatment efficiency. Sizes of synthesized TQ-Nps were found to be below 50 nm and they were mostly spherical in shape with smooth surface texture. Estimation of the zeta potential also revealed that all the three TQ-Nps were negatively charged which also facilitated their cellular uptake. In the present investigation, we provide direct evidence that TQ-Nps showed more efficiency in killing cancer cells as well as proved to be less toxic to normal cells at a significantly lower dose than TQ. Interestingly, evaluation of the anti-migratory effect of the TQ-Nps, revealed that PEG₄₀₀₀-TQ-Nps showed much potent anti-migratory properties than the other types. Further studies indicated that PEG₄₀₀₀-TQ-Nps could significantly increase the expression of miR-34a through p53. Moreover, NPs mediated miR-34a up-regulation directly down-regulated Rac1 expression followed by actin depolymerisation thereby disrupting the actin cytoskeleton which leads to significant reduction in the lamellipodia and filopodia formation on cell surfaces thus retarding cell migration. Considering the biodegradability, non-toxicity and effectivity of PEG₄₀₀₀-TQ-Nps against cancer cell migration, TQ-Nps may provide new insights into specific therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.     

利用数字几何技术重建个性化骨骼模型

背景:由于医学CT体数据存在各向异性的特点,导致CT序列图像重建网格模型时产生阶梯表面,从而影响后续的医学诊断。目的:利用数字几何处理技术重建个性化骨骼模型。方法:首先基于互信息的图像配准算法对骨骼CT序列图像进行配准,接着使用图像分割提取骨骼轮廓集并转化为三维点云,然后使用高斯加权的主成分分析方法估算点云法向量并对点云进行三边滤波去噪,最后对点云进行自适应圆球覆盖及网格化处理,完成个性化骨骼模型重建。结果与结论:文章所提的方法可以生成光顺的个性化骨骼表面网格模型,所形成的三角网格形状规则且自适应分布,可以为计算机辅助制造、有限元分析及3D打印提供准确的三维模型。     

某校教师常见病形成原因及对策

目的了解我校教师常见病的成因及防治措施。方法通过回顾2010年我校教师体检及对教师常见病现状的调查分析,有针对性的提出防治措施。结果慢性咽炎212人,占总人数的60.57%,并以31~50岁教师的发病率较高;其次,颈肩腰椎病也是高校教师的高发病之一;神经衰弱及高血脂、高血压、高血糖和胃病等疾病也是高校教师中较为常见的疾病之一。女性教师妇科疾病检出率也较高,其中宫颈炎居首位,乳腺增生次之。结论通过调查分析,明确我校教师常见病的类型,分析其形成因素,并有针对性的提出防治措施,为我校教师的健康提供了有利的保障。     

Les critères hémodynamiques statiques prédictifs de l'efficacité d'un remplissage vasculaire

Numerous static hemodynamic criteria are used to measure cardiac preload and predict the efficacy of blood volume expansion (VE): right and left filling pressures (central venous and pulmonary wedge pressure), ventricular end-diastolic volume and areas, total blood or intra-thoracic volume, ejection time indexes as measured by esophageal doppler ultrasound. Due to different technical and physiological limitations, these static criteria are not good predictors of the response to VE.     

抗生素滥用的现状及对策

滥用抗生素,可引起许多不良反应。本文首先分析了滥用抗生素的主要原因,对滥用抗生素的主要原因进行了综述,探讨合理用药的有效途径。必须做到明确用药目的,合理选择有效药物、选择适宜的抗生素药物品种、正确联合使用抗生素,才能做到合理用药。     

阳春砂杂交子代与母本的FTIR鉴别研究

目的探索阳春砂杂交子代与母本的红外光谱鉴别方法。方法采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)测定阳春砂杂交子代与母本的红外光谱,分别应用导数光谱和傅里叶自解卷积对图谱进行转换处理,对比寻找杂交子代与母本的特征差异吸收。结果阳春砂杂交子代与母本的红外光谱无明显差异,经四阶导数光谱变化后于1 051.014 cm?1处出现明显的特征差异吸收峰,傅里叶自解卷积转化后于771.563 4和1 612.432 5 cm?1处出现了具有明显特征独立的差异吸收峰。结论阳春砂杂交子代与母本的FTIR经过导数光谱和傅里叶自解卷积转化后可出现明显的差异,能较好地鉴别二者。     

Reduced DNA repair in progeria cells and effects of γ-ray irradiation on UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in normal and progeria cells

A reduction in the amount of UV-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), and reduced cell survival and host-cell reactivation against UV exposure in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome cell strains were shown. UV-induced UDS in 4 progeria cell strains was 33–50% of the normal level. A similar reduction in the UV-induced UDS in normal cells was caused by γ-ray irradiation to the cells before UV irradiation. The dose of γ-rays required to cause a reduction in UDS of normal cells to the level of progeria cells was 40 Gy and the reduction was reversible after 2 days. In progeria cells, γ-ray irradiation further reduced UDS with a lower γ-ray dose required than in normal cells, and the reduction was also reversible but with less relative recovery than in normal cells. The presence of a ‘built-in’ defect in progeria cells responsible for the reduced DNA-repair capacity was suggested, and such defect may share a common mechanism with the reduction of UV-induced UDS in normal cells caused by γ-ray irradiation.