健康教育对糖尿病患者的作用

目的:通过健康教育提高了糖尿病患者对糖尿病的认识水平。方法:随机抽查120例糖尿病患者,利用问卷式调查进行健康教育前、后糖尿病系列知识测试。结果:本次对糖尿病患者进行问卷式调查健康前、后测试,人们对糖尿病知识的认识程度差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:对糖尿病患者实施健康干预后,患者及共家获得了糖尿病方面的系列知识,帮助其建立了健康的行为方式,提高了自我护理、自我管理的能力,阻止和延缓了并发症的发生和发展。     

正交试验优选蒸制黄芩的纤维素酶辅助提取工艺

目的:优选蒸制黄芩的纤维素酶辅助提取工艺。方法:以黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的提取率之和为指标,以纤维素酶用量、温度、pH值、时间为考察因素,采用正交试验法优选最佳提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为纤维素酶用量为15U.g-1药材,温度50℃,时间7h,pH4.8。在该提取条件下,黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的提取率分别为8.44%和2.62%。结论:纤维素酶辅助提取法优于传统的水煎煮法,为提取黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的有效工艺,可明显提高黄芩药材的利用率。     

响应曲面法优化银杏叶萜内酯的纤维素酶辅助提取工艺

采用响应曲面法对银杏叶中萜内酯的纤维素酶辅助提取工艺过程进行了研究。在单因素实验基础上根据中心组合实验设计原理,采用4因素5水平的响应曲面分析法对提取工艺进行了优化。通过响应曲面实验及回归分析得出最佳工艺条件为:纤维素酶浓度为20.00U.g-1GBL,酶解温度45℃,酶解时间2.5h,pH4.5,预测总萜内酯的提取率为0.40%。经验证,采用酶法辅助提取工艺时,总萜内酯提取率为0.40%,相对单一乙醇提取法(0.24%)提高了约66.67%。表明由响应曲面法获得的二次模型方程能较好地预测实验结果及优化条件。     

中草药生物转化工程与中医药创新

在中医药理论和现代人体生命科学理论的基础上,从中药成分代谢研究中探析,结合系统生物学等现代学科理念,运用先进的分析检测技术和生物转化技术,尤其是体外生物转化技术,可改善中药制剂的疗效与个体差异,提出新的中医药产业工程——中草药生物转化工程,以及相应的创新中药——生物中药。重点探讨了微生物转化与酶法转化技术在创新中药研发体系中的应用前景。     

First-principles study of the electric,magnetic, and orbital structure in perovskite ScMnO3

Perovskite ScMnO₃ has been synthesized under high temperature and high pressure. The magnetic ordering of this compound was proposed to be in the E-AFM state in previous theoretical research. Such magnetic ordering would lead the Mn³⁺ ions to be off-centered in the MnO₆ octahedra; however, this is not detected experimentally. To address this issue, we systematically investigate the magnetic, orbital, and electric structures of perovskite ScMnO₃ with first-principles calculations. It is found that its magnetic ground state is G-AFM and the magnetic ordering can explain the puzzle very well. Moreover, there is an unreported three-dimensional alternating cooperative orbital ordering in perovskite ScMnO₃. The antiferromagnetic coupling between the nearest-neighbor Mn³⁺ ions is stabilized by the strong octahedral distortions that decrease the ferromagnetic interaction between the e_g orbitals of the Mn³⁺ ions. In addition, we find that perovskite ScMnO₃ is a bipolar antiferromagnetic semiconductor in which completely spin-polarized currents with reversible spin polarization can be tuned simply by applying a gate voltage. Such controllability of the spin polarization of the current opens up new avenues for future spintronic devices. Our results not only suggest that the G-AFM phase is the ground magnetic state for perovskite ScMnO₃, but also enrich research in orbital ordering in rare-earth manganites.

The crystal structure and three-dimensional alternating complementary orbital ordering of perovskite ScMnO₃.     

Diagnostic des maladies à prions humaines : quel rôle pour le biologiste ?

Human prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative diseases, due to proteinaceous infectious particles, named prions. The most frequent of these rare diseases is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which can be sporadic, inherited or acquired (iatrogenic or variant). The diagnosis is based on the post-mortem examination of the brain. During the life of the patient, neuronal markers may be detected in cerebro-spinal-fluid, the prion protein gene PRNP may be screened for pathogenic mutations linked to inherited prion disease forms, and the pathogenic prion protein may be evidenced in the tonsils of patients affected with the variant form of the disease. Research are in progress in order to improve the differential diagnosis of these diseases.     

Adapted educational health program among deprived subjects with prediabetes

AimsAssess the feasibility and benefit of a health educational program on global metabolic status in prediabetic deprived subjects.DesignCase control study.Methods693 subjects (466 men, 227 women), aged 16 to 95 years with prediabetes and low socioeconomic status, consulting at the IPC Center were included between September 2015 and June 2016. Subjects were invited to participate in 4 workshops (2 nutrition, 2 physical activities). One year after their inclusion (visit 1), they were offered a second health check-up (visit 2). Participants were classified into 3 groups: 1) Intervention group (INTG, N=133): complete process 2) Control group (CG, N=415): Only a second health check-up, no workshop participation; 3) Abandoned group (AG, N=145). All groups were compared.ResultsAfter considered confounding factors, fasting blood glucose and SBP levels variation between visit 1 and visit 2 differed significantly between the CG and INTG. In the INTG with higher diminution of fasting glucose, 90% reported eating healthy food since nutrition workshop and 51%. reached objectives (The same trend was observed for physical activity.ConclusionAn educational program among deprived prediabetic tended to limit fasting glucose increment, improve metabolic status and encourage healthy lifestyle despite difficulties in convincing subjects to participate.     

Mobile Intensive Care Unit versus Hospital walk-in patients,in the treatment of first episode ST- elevation myocardial infarction

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of the attention given by emergency medical services teams working in mobile intensive care units (MICU) versus patients arriving at the hospital under their own means with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) event in terms of time to reperfusion (TR), mortality at 30 days and six months.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 634 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary a percutaneous coronary intervention from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2018 in a single centre. Depending on the first medical contact patients were classified into two groups, MICU versus walk-in patients. We extracted data on patients’ characteristics, symptoms, treatments, times to reperfusion and mortality.ResultsIn our study 634 patients were included, of whom 59.0% were initially attended by the MICU. Differences were seen between the two groups in time delays to the first medical contact (120.0 vs 63.0 min; p < 0.001) and TR (208.0 Vs 150.0 min; p < 0.001). Patients attended by the MICUs presented a shorter ICU and hospital stay. The lowest 30-day mortality rate was observed in MICU group: 9.0% in contrast with 4.5%, p = 0.03; remaining after 6 months. The multivariable analysis showed that the initial attention given by MICU to STEMI patients was a protective agent against mortality [OR: 0.32 (0.11–0.90); p = 0.03].ConclusionInitial attention of the patients with STEMI by doctor-on-board-MICU and available 24 h a day 7 days a week as part of a regional network (CORECAM), was associated with a decrease in the ischemia time, hospital stay and mortality of these patients in our environment.     

Cys327Cys polymorphism of the PAPP-A gene (pregnancy associated plasma protein A) is related to mortality of long term hemodialysis patients

ObjectivesPAPP-A is an independent mortality predictor of long term hemodialysis patients and a prognostic marker of acute coronary syndrome in general population. Cys327Cys PAPP-A polymorphism (SNP) (rs12375498) was found to be of significance in preeclampsia and the C allele of the PAPP-A C/G SNP (rs13290387) was defined as an independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. The aim of the study was to test the role of these PAPP-A SNPs in long term hemodialysis patients.Design and methodsThe studied group consisted of 464 subjects — 319 long term hemodialysis patients (183 men, 136 women, 62 ± 14 years) and 145 controls (65 men, 80 women, 49 ± 14 years). A subgroup of 211 hemodialysis patients (118 men, 93 women, 63 ± 13 years) was prospectively followed up for 4.5 years. During the follow up, 111 patients died, 51 of them due to cardiovascular events. PAPP-A SNPs were analyzed by DNA sequencing and serum PAPP-A was measured by TRACE.ResultsBoth SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Allelic and genotype frequencies did not differ between patients and controls and were not related to serum PAPP-A concentrations. Cys327Cys SNP was significant for patients' survival (HR (95% CI): 1.616 (1.110–2.353), nominal p = 0.012, corrected p = 0.036) while C/G SNP was not.ConclusionsOur study shows for the first time the significance of Cys327Cys PAPP-A SNP (rs12375498) for overall mortality of long term hemodialysis patients. Although it does not influence the concentration of PAPP-A it still could affect the correct function of this enzyme which has to be clarified in further studies.