2007—2016年北京市海淀区水痘和手足口病流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2007—2016年北京市海淀区水痘及手足口病的流行病学特征,为2种传染性疾病的防控措施提供理论依据。方法 基于北京市海淀区的传染病上报系统,导出2007—2016年该区水痘及手足口病的相关数据,建立Excel 2013数据库,分析10年间该2种疾病的流行病学特征。结果 北京市海淀区2007—2016年共报告水痘26 616例、手足口病41 879例,年均发病率分别为79.02/10万和124.33/10万。水痘4—6月、11月—翌年1月高发,分别占总发病数的30.68%和34.57%;手足口病高发为4—8月,其中5—7月达到高峰,占总发病数的63.43%。水痘病例主要集中在城区部和城乡结合部,手足口病病例主要集中在城乡结合部,2种疾病均在乡村部发病例数最少。水痘、手足口病性别差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。水痘以30岁以下为主,占94.99%;手足口病以0～5岁为主,占90.32%。水痘主要集中在学生中发病,手足口病主要集中在散居儿童和托幼儿童中发病。水痘发病呈现逐年下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);手足口病发病呈现逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论 北京市海淀区水痘和手足口病存在季节、地区、年龄、职业分布及发病趋势特征,应有针对性制定防控措施。     

冠状动脉病变与血浆氧化低密度脂蛋白的相关性研究

目的:探讨冠心病患者氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)的变化,评估ox-LDL水平检测的临床意义.方法:采用ELlSA法测定139例冠心病患者[急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS) 103例,非ACS组86例]和210例健康对照组人群血浆ox-LDL·水平;根据冠状动脉造影结果将冠心病组分为多支病变组、双支病变组和单支病变组进行比较分析.结果:ACS组患者和非ACS组患者ox-LDL水平均显著高于健康对照组[ACS组为(185.44±70.11)mg·L-1,非ACS组(139.51 ±58.790) mg·L-1,对照组为(80.47±:25.96) mg·L-1,P均＜0.001];且ACS组患者ox-LDL水平显著高于非ACS组(P＜0.001).冠状动脉多支、双支、单支病变组ox-LDL水平分别为(180.34±76.92),(149.18.15 ±64.80),(137.74±58.09) mg·L-1,多支高于单支(P＜0.01).多因素分析显示冠状动脉病变程度仅与ox-LDL相关(R2=0.046,β=0.208,P =0.000).结论:冠心病患者ox-LDL水平升高与病变程度相关,急性冠脉综合征患者变化尤为明显.     

Protection of chickens,with or without maternal antibodies,against IBDV infection by a recombinant IBDV-VP2 protein

The use of avian herpesviruses (Marek's disease virus, MDV) as vectors to express the capsid protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was well established, and its protection against IBDV challenge has been evaluated previously. However, there is little data about rMDV1 expressing the VP2 protein of IBDV protecting SPF and commercial chickens against virulent IBDV (vIBDV) challenge. In this study, we constructed a stable rMDV1 expressing the VP2 protein of IBDV by inserting the coding sequence within the US10 gene of MDVl by homologous recombination and designated this as rMDVl-US10L, and evaluated effectiveness of the recombinant VP2 protein with SPF chickens and commercial chickens with maternal antibodies in vIBDV challenge. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) We constructed a rMDV1 expressing IBDV-VP2 under the control of the MDV1 glycoprotein B (gB) promoter [rMDV1-US10L]. (2) rMDV-VP2 protein was readily expressed and induced 53% protection against a vIBDV challenge in SPF chickens with 10³ PFU/chicken, whereas 10⁴ PFU induced 73% protection. (3) Vaccination of commercial chickens having maternal antibodies to rMDV1-VP2 induced 87% protection in vIBDV challenge, which was similar to results using the live vaccine, BJ87 IBDV strain, in commercial chickens. These results demonstrate that the VP2 antigen expressed in the MDV vector was an effective and stable vaccine in correlation with the vaccine efficacy against lethal IBDV challenge, and can provide a better protective effect that is likely to persist for the life of the chickens.     

猪源弯曲菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

目的 为调查猪肠道内空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的流行和耐药性状况。方法 本试验自北京郊区养猪场和屠宰场采集猪肠道粪便样品,经增菌培养后利用三重PCR进行弯曲菌属、空肠弯曲菌和结肠弯曲菌的检测,进而对PCR检测阳性样品进行弯曲菌的分离鉴定,最后对分离鉴定的弯曲菌分离株进行药敏试验鉴定。结果 本试验共采集猪肠道和肛门棉拭子样品241份,PCR检测结肠弯曲菌阳性样品数为178份,阳性率为73.9%,而空肠弯曲菌阳性样品数5份,阳性率仅为2.1%。经分离鉴定后共获得结肠弯曲菌菌株63株,分离率为35.4%,未分离获得空肠弯曲菌菌株。对26种抗生素的药敏试验结果显示结肠弯曲菌分离株对氯霉素(100%)、丁胺卡那(93.65%)、强力霉素(91.48%)、庆大霉素(82.54%)和阿莫西林(82.54%)等抗生素比较敏感,而对头孢哌酮(100%)、 头孢氨苄(100%)、头孢拉啶(100%)、头孢唑啉(98.41%)、头孢克肟(92.06%)、萘啶酸(92.06%)、链霉素(90.48%)、环丙沙星(90.32%)、诺氟沙星(88.89%)和青霉素(87.30%)具有显著的耐药性;而且分离株多重耐药现象比较普遍,主要集中于14-20耐。结论 本试验结果显示猪肠道内普遍存在结肠弯曲菌,而且菌株对多种抗生素产生了显著的耐药性。     

股骨头缺血性坏死的研究进展

目的：对股骨头缺血性坏死的研究进行综述。方法：查阅近几十年关于股骨头缺血性坏死的文献报告,对其进行分析。结果：国内外多数学者逐渐认可股骨头缺血性坏死的保头治疗,目前较为公认的方法有：关节镜疗法、冲击波疗法以及体外震波、高压氧、髓芯减压术、骨移植术、截骨术等。结论：随着现代科技的发展以及保头观念的提升,人们在股骨头缺血性坏死这一疾病的深入研究中发现多种疗法相结合将更有利于改善患者症状与减缓或消除骨坏死进程,这也将成为该病的研究领域的新热点。     

基于色素浓度的黄瓜叶片渲染

提出一种基于多种色素浓度的植物叶片方法,以黄瓜为研究对象,通过对正常生长状态下的黄瓜叶片图像采集及叶内多种色素浓度值测定,建立黄瓜叶片颜色分量与多种色素浓度值的数学关系模型,并采用均方根误差（RMSE）对模型进行验证。结果显示叶片的3个颜色分量R（红）、G（绿）、B（蓝）的实测值与模拟值之间的RMSE为9.12%、8.83%、4.40%,模拟效果较好。通过结合物理光照模型并采用高级着色器语言对叶片表观颜色进行可视化模拟,实现了结合植物叶片生理知识和物理感观的黄瓜叶片渲染,并获得了较好的真实感效果。     

Residue behavior and dietary intake risk assessment of three fungicides in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under greenhouse conditions

The residue behavior and dietary intake risk of three fungicides (pyrimethanil, iprodione, kresoxim-methyl) in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in greenhouse were investigated. A simple, rapid analytical method for the quantification of fungicide residues in tomatoes was developed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrum detection (GC-MSD). The fortified recoveries were ranged from 87% to 103% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) varied from 4.7% to 12.1%. The results indicated that the dissipation rate of the studied fungicides in tomatoes followed first order kinetics with half lives in the range of 8.6–11.5 days. The final residues of all the fungicides in tomatoes were varied from 0.241 to 0.944 mg/kg. The results of dietary intake assessment indicated that the dietary intake of the three fungicides from tomatoes consumption for Chinese consumers were acceptable. This study would provide more understanding of residue behavior and dietary intake risk by these fungicides used under greenhouse conditions.     

Accumulation and Tolerance Characteristics of Zinc in Agropyron cristatum Plants Exposed to Zinc-Contaminated Soil

In phytoremediation, plants are used to stabilize or remove toxins from soil. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Agropyron cristatum (Poaceae) grown on Zinc (Zn) contaminated soils. Results indicated that Zn accumulation in both shoots and roots increased with soil Zn concentration, and Zn concentrations in roots were greater than in shoots. A significantly negative correlation was found between translocation factor or bioconcentration factor values and Zn concentrations in soil. Overall, A. cristatum was Zn excluder with an innate capacity to tolerate Zn stress and may have potential for the phytostabilization of sites contaminated with Zn.     

国家临床执业医师资格考试对我国医学教育改革的启示

国家临床执业医师资格考试的考试标准、考试内容、测量方法以及改革发展,对我国医学教育和医学教育改革具有一定导向作用。通过医学生在医师资格考试中的表现,能够及时发现医学教育中存在的薄弱环节,有利于促进教学改革和创新。以岗位胜任力为导向的医师资格考试改革,倡导将临床综合能力培养和评价作为临床医学教育与医师资格考试的核心,有利于不断提高我国医学教育质量,为国家培养更多的合格医师。