Identification of peptides presented through the MHC-II of dendritic cells stimulated with Mycobacterium avium

Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) represents a species of concern, because of its ability to modulate the host’s innate immune response, and therefore influence trajectory of adaptative immunity. Since eradicative response against mycobacteria, and M. tuberculosis/M. avium, relies on peptides actively presented on a Major Histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II) context, we assessed paradoxical stimulation of Dendritic Cell resulting on immature immunophenotype characterized by membrane minor increase of MHC-II and CD40 despite of high expression of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatants. Identification of M. avium leucine rich peptides forming short α-helices shutting down Type 1T helper (Th1), contribute to the understanding of immune evasion of an increasingly prevalent pathogen, and may provide a basis for future immunotherapy to infectious and non-infectious disease.     

影响分化型甲状腺癌术后促甲状腺激素抑制治疗疗效因素的研究进展

分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）在全部甲状腺癌类型中最为常见,占94%以上。目前主要采取根治性手术切除、选择性放射（¹³¹I）治疗和促甲状腺激素（TSH）抑制治疗的综合治疗,总体预后较好。TSH能够与DTC细胞表达的TSH受体结合,刺激DTC细胞生长,因此TSH抑制治疗是减少DTC患者术后肿瘤复发风险的重要环节,已得到国内外多项指南的明确推荐。但在临床实践中,仍存在部分患者难以实现TSH抑制治疗目标,需要反复调整治疗剂量以达到预期目标,治疗过程中可能伴随乏力、嗜睡或心悸等不适。本文主要总结DTC术后TSH抑制治疗疗效的影响因素,以期帮助临床医生为DTC患者提供更好的术后TSH抑制治疗和随访管理,以提高患者生活质量,延长远期生存时间,降低DTC术后复发率。     

The immune profiles and “minimizing tacrolimus” strategy for long-term survival recipients after liver transplantation

正To the Editor : Liver transplantation (LT) has become a major and effective therapeutic approach for end-stage liver disease [1] . However, 10- year graft and patient survival rates remained low with 54% and 61%, respectively [2] . Improving the outcome of long-term LT has become a major focus of the transplantation community.