静脉药物配制中心安全管理实践

静脉药物配制中心（PIVAS）是为保证病人的输液质量而对输液进行集中管理、集中配制的新形式。它打破了传统的在开放条件下进行药物配制的工作流程，使操作人员在局部百级洁净区严格按照无菌配制技术集中配制药物，可以防止细菌和微粒的污染，为病人提供无菌、安全、高效的药品，并可减少由于输液反应而引发的医疗纠纷；通过购买大包装的药品，可以降低药晶价格、减少药品浪费、降低医疗成本；临床护士用于药品配制的时间大大缩短，提高了护理质量。虽然PIVAS在医院工作中受到欢迎，但由于运行环节较多，且在我院启用的时间不长，还是一项不成熟的服务模式，我们也发现一些尚待提高和解决的问题。针对存在的安全隐患，制订了一系列防范措施，经过半年多的实践，在实施过程中运行良好。现总结如下。     

介入法制作犬颅内动脉瘤模型

目的运用介入方法建立犬颅内动脉分叉部囊状动脉瘤模型。方法6条犬全麻后，采用血管内介入方法，用冠状动脉球囊导管扩张右颈总动脉近段，再用可脱球囊于扩张段远端将其栓塞，制作成6个分叉部动脉瘤。分别于术后1、2、3d行DSA检查并切除动脉瘤做病理组织学检查。结果6条犬成功获得6个动脉瘤模型。动脉瘤的平均宽度和平均长度在3d内逐渐减少。结论犬动脉瘤模型较好地模拟了人颅内动脉瘤大小、形态及DSA表现，可用于介入治疗新材料、新技术的实验研究。本动脉瘤模型的建立快速、可靠、可重复性强。     

以人为本理念在全程护理服务中的实践

为了探索既符合中国国情又能满足病人需求的护理服务新模式，浙江省台州市中心医院自2002年开始试行全程护理服务。在实施护理中以病人为中心，从理念上、环境上、权益上、细节上为病人提供全面、全员、全程的人本服务；在管理实践中，提倡“尊、理、信、谐、通、创”六字理念，将管理视为服务，实行人本管理。通过3年的实践，整体护理质量、病人满意度、护士对工作满意度均有显著提高。     

医院配电室和特种设备的安全管理

本文主要探讨对医院配电室和特种设备的安全管理，消除安全隐患，间接地为医院创造效益。     

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of prostatic diseases: Roles of insulin resistance

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the liver component of metabolic syndrome, is considered to be associated with high risk of prostatic diseases but a systematic review has not been conducted. Under a comprehensive review of the eligible clinical studies, a potential positive association between NAFLD and benign prostatic hyperplasia/prostate cancer (BPH/PCa) has been postulated. Insulin resistance and metabolic aberrations are considered to be the potential mechanism for such association. However, the relationship between NAFLD and other prostatic diseases, that is, prostatic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms, seems vague due to limited relevant studies in the literatures. The present review highlights that clinicians should be conscious of the detrimental effect of NAFLD on the development of BPH and PCa.     

Digoxin reduces the incidence of prostate cancer but increases the cancer-specific mortality: A systematic review and pooled analysis

Digoxin, a commonly used drug for congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, has been reported to exert cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. In this study, we aimed to perform a pooled analysis to summarise all the evidence related to the effects of digoxin on PCa development. Four electronic databases were systematically searched to filter the eligible studies. The hazard ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. This study was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021226885). Ten clinical studies with a total of 108,444 participants (15,835 individuals were digoxin users) were included. The pooled result from 6 included studies demonstrated that digoxin usage was correlated with a significant decrease in PCa risk (adjusted RR = 0.892, 95% CI: 0.799–0.997, p = .044) when compared with the nonusers. Synthetic result of 4 eligible studies revealed that digoxin significantly correlated with higher prostate cancer-specific mortality than the controls (adjusted HR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.005–1.297). No statistical heterogeneity was detected during this analysis (all I² < 50%, p > .1). Our study confirmed a preventive effect of digoxin usage for the risk of PCa in men. However, digoxin use was associated with a significantly elevated risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality. This finding needs more well-designed studies to better interpret the causality.     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影介导光动力疗法治疗胆管癌研究进展

胆管癌恶性程度高,早期诊断困难,绝大多数患者被确诊时已不可行手术切除,患者生存质量低,生存 周期短,传统放射治疗和化学药物治疗效果欠佳且不良反应大,因而缺乏有效的控制手段。内镜逆行胰胆管造影 (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)是诊断和治疗胆道疾病的重要手段,而光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)作为胆管癌的一种新的局部治疗方法优势明显。近年来,ERCP介导的PDT治疗胆管癌的研究在国外逐 渐兴起。其可有效缓解胆管癌患者的症状,提高生存质量,延长生存期,有望成为治疗胆管癌的新手段。     

p53和雌、孕激素受体在子宫内膜癌的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究p53、ER和PR在子宫内膜癌的表达及其临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化技术对56例子宫内膜癌组织进行检测,结合临床病理学指标进行分析。结果:p53、ER和PR在56例子宫内膜癌的阳性表达率分别是44.6 %,66.1 %和64.3 %。p53的阳性表达率在子宫内膜癌的不同临床分期和组织学分级均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ER、PR在子宫内膜癌的阳性表达率与组织学分级密切相关,在组织分化好的阳性表达率显著高于组织分化差的阳性表达率(P<0.05)。结论:p53在子宫内膜癌的发生、发展中起着重要的调控作用。ER、PR的缺失表达与子宫内膜癌的恶性程度密切相关,对分析子宫内膜癌的预后和指导临床内分泌治疗均有重要意义。     

苯中毒性再生障碍性贫血患者免疫细胞及免疫相关因子的检测

目的通过苯中毒性再生障碍性贫血患者免疫细胞及免疫相关因子的检测,探讨其发病机制。方法用ELISA方法对100例苯中毒性再生障碍性贫血患者血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、可溶性白介素(sIL-2、sIL-3)、白介素2受体(sIL-2R)含量进行检测,用流式细胞仪对患者外周血T细胞进行分群。结果苯中毒性再生障碍性贫血患者血清中TNF、sIL-2含量增高,sIL-3、sIL-2R含量降低;T细胞亚群比例异常。结论苯中毒性再生障碍性贫血患者存在免疫功能异常。