Blood styrene concentrations in a “normal” population and in exposed workers 16 hours after the end of the workshift

Summary Blood styrene was measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in 81 normal people and in 76 workers exposed to styrene. In the normal subjects, styrene was also tested in alveolar and environmental air. Styrene was found in nearly all (95%) blood samples. Average styrene levels in the normal subjects were 221 ng/1 in blood (Cb), 3 ng/1 in alveolar air (Ca) and 6 ng/1 in environmental air (Ci). Styrene levels did not differ significantly between smokers and non-smokers, 95% of values being below 512 ng/1 in Cb, 7 ng/1 in Ca and 15 ng/l in Ci. In workers with an average exposure to styrene of 204 g/l, at the end of the workshift, mean blood styrene concentration was 1211 g/l. In blood samples collected at the end of the Thursday shift, styrene levels were significantly higher (1590 g/1) than those found at the end of the Monday shift (1068 g/l. A similar difference was found in samples taken the morning after exposure (60 and 119 g/l, respectively). Significant correlations between blood and environmental styrene were found both at the end of the shift and the morning after exposure (r=0.61 and 0.41, respectively). In workers occupationally exposed to styrene, 16 h after the end of the workshift, blood styrene (94 g/l) was significantly higher than that found in the normal subjects (0.22 g/l). The half-life of blood styrene was 3.9 h.     

复方镇痛粉的药理研究—镇痛及抗炎作用

本文报道了复方镇痛粉具有镇痛及抗炎作用,其镇痛作用与吗啡对照,均可明显延长小鼠舔爪潜伏期,在治疗剂量时,其作用与剂量成正比列,并具有明显的抗炎作用。     

基于Android智能手机的医院移动护理系统的建设与应用

目的：应用移动信息技术,提高病区护理质量和效率,优化护理工作流程。方法：借助条码、专用腕带、无线局域网,依托医院信息系统和电子病历系统,开发出基于Android智能手机的移动护理系统并应用于临床。结果：将医院信息系统延伸到病人床边,保证了医嘱执行、护理数据采集、护理任务管理,减少了护理差错,提高了工作效率和质量。结论：移动护理系统的成功实施,使医嘱和护理任务的执行更为规范合理,提升了护理管理水平和医院形象。     

Computerized psychiatric diagnoses based on euclidean distances: a Chinese example.

Current diagnostic methods in psychiatry use sequential logical decision rules that generate a single diagnosis. Insufficient attention has been paid to parallel methods that can simultaneously determine the relative probability of many diagnoses. This study installed 45 items from various symptom scales on a portable computer and applied a euclidean distance formula to generate immediate diagnoses based on responses to the items. The reliability and validity of the method were assessed using Chinese psychiatric inpatients. Interrater reliability was excellent (kappa = 0.91) and 3-week test-retest reliability was fair (k = 0.50). The concordance of this method with clinicians' diagnoses and with diagnoses based on standardized Chinese diagnostic criteria was excellent (k = 0.73 and 0.76). Concordance with DSM-III-R diagnoses and ICD-10 diagnoses was fair (kappa = 0.55 and 0.65). The clinical utility of such parallel methods of psychiatric diagnosis deserves further evaluation.     

The stimulative effect of supracutaneous electroacupuncture on human skin and its analgesic effect on rats

The stimulative effect of supracutaneous electroacupuncture using a blunt-tip electrode on 120 points of human skin was observed in 12 healthy volunteers. A comparison of stimulation by the more expensive supracutaneous instrument specifically designed for this treatment and that of the more conventional transcutaneous electroacupuncture instrument, modified by use of a blunt-tip, belt-type electrode instead of the traditional electro-needle, showed similar therapeutic effects. An animal experiment, using the rat tail flick analgesia method to compare supracutaneous electroacupuncture, showed that the pain threshold was raised by both types of electroacupuncture, with both having an optimal stimulation time of 10–20 minutes. The percentage of change in maximum pain threshold was 206.6% for supracutaneous electroacupuncture at 7V and 175.4% for transcutaneous electroacupuncture at 2V.     

精神分裂症患者头发中八种微量元素含量测定

应用原子吸收分光光度法（简称ＡＡＳ法）对４０例精神分裂症患者和４５名正常对照组头发标本中的铜、镁、钠、镉、锌、铁、镍、锂等８种微量元素进行了测定，结果表明：铜、镁的含量低于正常对照组，差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），钠、镉、锌的含量高于正常对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），余三种头发中微量元素二组间无明显差异。     

我国医患关系紧张背后的医疗体制问题及对策

医患关系是医疗实践活动中最基本的人际关系,医患关系的和谐与否将直接影响医疗卫生事业的全面发展。同时,和谐的医患关系是和谐社会的内在要求,是医疗卫生事业协调发展的外在表现,是提高人民群众健康水平和诊疗水平的前提条件。在当前社会中,医患关系紧张,医患冲突不断。作者就医患关系紧张背后的医疗体制问题进行了讨论,并提出对构建和谐医患关系策略的认识,为缓解医患冲突、构建和谐医患关系提供新思路。     

Reliability and validity of the Chinese versions of the Scales for Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms.

This 4-center study assesses the reliability and validity of the Chinese versions of the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms. Interrater reliability, short-term test-retest reliability, and internal consistency were excellent; intraclass correlation coefficients and Cronbach alphas for the overall scores were all over 0.8. The strong correlation of the scales with an independently assessed parallel measure (the Chinese version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) and the separate positive and negative factors found with principal components analysis confirm the construct validity of the instruments. These findings demonstrate the importance of culturally sensitive revision and rigorous psychometric evaluation of Western instruments prior to their use in non-Western cultures.     

职业有害因素与高血压病初探

本文对荆沙城区８０１０名职业工人高血压患病率进行了分析，以探索高血压与职业因素之间的联系。结果表明：接尘组ＲＲ为１．９７，ＡＲＰ为０．４９；接毒组ＲＲ为１．３４，ＡＲＰ为０．２５。按年龄组分析，ＲＲ与ＡＲＰ的峰值均在３０～４４岁年龄段，接尘组ＲＲ为１．９２～４．５８，ＡＲＰ为０．４８～０．７７，接毒组ＲＲ为１．７２～２．４２，ＡＲＰ为０．４２～０．５９。当按工龄分析时，接尘组以０～，１５～，２０～３个工龄组较突出（ＲＲ：２．６～５．０，ＡＲＰ：０．６２～０．８０），接毒组则以１５～，２０～，２５～３个工龄组较突出（ＲＲ：１．５５～２．７９，ＡＲＰ：０．３５～０．６４）。结果提示，高血压与职业因素存在有联系，职业工人高血压防治工作的重点人群为中年职工。     

静脉性阳萎的造影诊断与分型

在8例尸体阴茎静脉解剖研究基础上,对70例阳萎患者作动态阴茎海绵体造影,发现静脉漏52例,均为罌粟碱试验阴性者。18例阳性者无静脉漏。依漏出部位及流向将静脉性阳萎分为五型。32例经手术证实了诊断。我们认为该分型方法比较客观地反映出造影征象与静脉漏解剖部位间的对应关系,有助于静脉性阳萎的诊断及手术途径的选择。并提出罌粟碱试验(一)应是选择阴茎海绵体造影的重要指征。