Acute care nurses’ attitudes toward nursing students with disabilities: A focused ethnography

Discrimination towards individuals with disabilities is problematic within nursing. There have been calls to increase diversity in nursing and this includes embracing nurses with disabilities. Increasing diversity in nursing requires increasing diversity among nursing students; in this way, nurse educators are gatekeepers to the profession. Clinical education is a crucial element of nursing education, yet there have been very few studies related to the clinical education of nursing students with disabilities. There have been no studies of attitudes of acute care nurse preceptors toward students with disabilities in the United States. This gap is important as the majority of clinical experiences occur in the acute care environment. Utilizing a focused ethnography, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 acute care nurses with at least two years’ experience precepting students. While positive feelings about nursing students with disabilities were shared, thoughts and behavioral intentions remained negative. Six themes emerged: safety, barriers, otherness, communicating to meet needs, disclosure, and student versus colleague. Attitudinal barriers are the primary barriers faced by individuals with disabilities in becoming and practicing as nurses. Nurses in practice and education must embrace more inclusive attitudes towards individuals with disabilities.     

Resveratrol Stimulates Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Formation to Relax Murine Corpus Cavernosum

IntroductionResveratrol (RVT) found in red wine protects against erectile dysfunction and relaxes penile tissue (corpus cavernosum) via a nitric oxide (NO) independent pathway. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a potent vasodilator and neuromodulator generated in corpus cavernosum.AimsWe investigated whether RVT caused the relaxation of mice corpus cavernosum (MCC) through H₂S.MethodsH₂S formation is measured by methylene blue assay and vascular reactivity experiments have been performed by DMT strip myograph in CD1 MCC strips.Main Outcome MeasuresEndothelial NO synthase (eNOS) inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 0.1 mM) or H₂S inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 2 mM) which inhibits both cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) enzyme or combination of AOAA with PAG (CSE inhibitor) has been used in the presence/absence of RVT (0.1 mM, 30 min) to elucidate the role of NO or H₂S pathways on the effects of RVT in MCC. Concentration-dependent relaxations to RVT, L-cysteine, sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) and acetylcholine (ACh) were studied.ResultsExposure of murine corpus cavernosum to RVT increased both basal and L-cysteine-stimulated H₂S formation. Both of these effects were reversed by AOAA but not by L-NNA. RVT caused concentration-dependent relaxation of MCC and that RVT-induced relaxation was significantly inhibited by AOAA or AOAA + PAG but not by L-NNA. L-cysteine caused concentration-dependent relaxations, which are inhibited by AOAA or AOAA + PAG significantly. Incubation of MCC with RVT significantly increased L-cysteine-induced relaxation, and this effect was inhibited by AOAA + PAG. However, RVT did not alter the effect of exogenous H₂S (NaHS) or ACh-induced relaxations.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that RVT-induced relaxation is at least partly dependent on H₂S formation and acts independent of eNOS pathway. In phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) nonresponder population, combination therapy with RVT may reverse erectile dysfunction via stimulating endogenous H₂S formation. Yetik-Anacak G, Dereli MV, Sevin G, Ozzayım O, Erac Y, and Ahmed A. Resveratrol stimulates hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) formation to relax murine corpus cavernosum.