啤酒与乙醇对γ射线诱发小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变的影响

目的 观察啤酒及乙醇对不同剂量γ射线照射小鼠所诱发的骨髓细胞染色体畸变的影响.方法 雄性健康BALB/c小鼠,随机分成对照组、啤酒组和乙醇稀释液组,分别用1 ml灭菌生理盐水、啤酒及乙醇稀释液灌胃.30 min后给予不同剂量γ射线1次全身照射.照射后24 h颈椎离断法处死动物(处死前4 h按4 μg/g体重腹腔注射秋水仙胺),立即取双侧股骨,进行骨髓细胞常规染色体制片、染色.每一剂量点选取5个个体进行染色体畸变观察.每只动物镜检分析100个细胞分裂相.结果 啤酒组及乙醇稀释液组染色体畸变率在照射剂量达0.5 Gy以上时明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),其中啤酒组的下降比乙醇稀释液组更明显.结论 啤酒中除乙醇以外的其他成份(如酚类化合物等)也发挥了降低染色体畸变的作用.     

模拟失重对肺动脉反应性的影响

目的:研究模拟失重对肺动脉反应性的影响,探讨立位耐力降低的发生机制。方法:采用尾悬吊模拟失重大鼠模型模拟微重力效应,制备离体肺动脉环测定其对几种血管活性物质的反应性变化。结果:与对照组相比,尾悬吊14 d大鼠肺动脉对KC l(68 mmol/L)和苯肾上腺素(10-9~10-5mmol/L)的收缩反应性明显下降,对乙酰胆碱(10-9~10-5mmol/L)的舒张反应性明显增强。结论:模拟失重14 d后肺动脉收缩反应下降,舒张反应增强;肺动脉收缩反应的下降可能促进了立位耐力降低的发生。     

Construction of boundary-surface-based Chinese female astronaut computational phantom and proton dose estimation

With the rapid development of China''s space industry, the importance of radiation protection is increasingly prominent. To provide relevant dose data, we first developed the Visible Chinese Human adult Female (VCH-F) phantom, and performed further modifications to generate the VCH-F Astronaut (VCH-FA) phantom, incorporating statistical body characteristics data from the first batch of Chinese female astronauts as well as reference organ mass data from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP; both within 1% relative error). Based on cryosection images, the original phantom was constructed via Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) boundary surfaces to strengthen the deformability for fitting the body parameters of Chinese female astronauts. The VCH-FA phantom was voxelized at a resolution of 2 × 2 × 4 mm³for radioactive particle transport simulations from isotropic protons with energies of 5000–10 000 MeV in Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) code. To investigate discrepancies caused by anatomical variations and other factors, the obtained doses were compared with corresponding values from other phantoms and sex-averaged doses. Dose differences were observed among phantom calculation results, especially for effective dose with low-energy protons. Local skin thickness shifts the breast dose curve toward high energy, but has little impact on inner organs. Under a shielding layer, organ dose reduction is greater for skin than for other organs. The calculated skin dose per day closely approximates measurement data obtained in low-Earth orbit (LEO).     

Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts by upregulating the expression of BMPRII localized at the base of primary cilium

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been considered as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, however, the mechanism of its action is still elusive. We have previously reported that 50 Hz 0.6 mT PEMFs stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in a primary cilium- dependent manner, but did not know the reason. In the current study, we found that the PEMFs promoted osteogenic differentiation and maturation of rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) by activating bone morphogenetic protein BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling on the condition that primary cilia were normal. Further studies revealed that BMPRII, the primary binding receptor of BMP ligand, was readily and strongly upregulated by PEMF treatment and localized at the bases of primary cilia. Abrogation of primary cilia with small interfering RNA sequence targeting IFT88 abolished the PEMF-induced upregulation of BMPRII and its ciliary localization. Knockdown of BMPRII expression level with RNA interference had no effects on primary cilia but significantly decreased the promoting effect of PEMFs on osteoblastic differentiation and maturation. These results indicated that PEMFs stimulate osteogenic differentiation and maturation of osteoblast by primary cilium-mediated upregulation of BMPRII expression and subsequently activation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, and that BMPRII is the key component linking primary cilium and BMP-Smad1/5/8 pathway. This study has thus revealed the molecular mechanism for the osteogenic effect of PEMFs.     

NASA空间站航天员病症目录分析

目的对NASA空间站病症目录进行分析,为我国空间站医学保障设计和资源配置提供参考。方法对NASA空间探索任务病症清单(space medicine exploration medical condition list,SMEMCL)中的空间站病症进行应对优先情况汇总,并按照相应的标准进行分类及分级处理。结果按照应对优先等级划分,必须处理和酌情处理的病症占绝大多数(82.76%),属于不专项应对病症仅占很少部分。在对病症进行分类及分级后,可见分类中以临床病症占比例最大(82.72%);按照NASA病症分级标准(严重程度分级),属于轻中程度的病症最多(91.36%),极少部分属于严重病症。结论 NASA空间站病症目录详实全面,必须处理和酌情处理的轻中程度临床病症居多;在进行空间站航天员医学保障的设计和相关医学资源的配置时应重点考虑这部分病症,对其余病症适当兼顾。     

航天运动病发生发展中的个体化研究策略

在人类的载人航天活动中,近半数航天员会在其飞行的24~72 h内受到运动病的困扰。运动病可能对航天员的健康和安全造成威胁。同时,航天员在运动病期间工作能力上受到的限制会对飞行任务造成巨大影响,尤其是对短期飞行任务。个体化研究策略关注影响运动病发生发展中的个体化因素,对载人航天事业有着重要的应用意义。基于个体化特征的个体化治疗理念对于治疗和缓解运动病病症,指导临床治疗和康复策略方案的制定将具有重要的指导意义。本文回顾了航天运动病发生率及其生理改变特点并进行了评价,对后续的运动病个体化研究提出了建议。     

45d-6°头低位卧床对下肢肌萎缩的影响及中药红景天的作用

目的观察模拟失重效应对下肢肌萎缩的影响及中药红景天的干预作用。方法 16名成年男性健康志愿者随机分为对照组(8人)和用药组(8人),进行45 d-6°头低位卧床模拟长期失重效应实验。卧床期间,用药组和对照组每天分别服用红景天(红益胶囊)和安慰剂。卧床前、中、后动态测量小腿围径;并采用MRI技术,测试和分析卧床前、后大腿和小腿肌群最大横截面积和肌肉体积的变化。结果1)卧床期间用药组和对照组小腿围径进行性下降,在卧床30和45 d均显著下降(P0.01),但用药组下降幅度显著减少(P0.05);2)卧床45 d,用药组和对照组大腿和小腿肌肉最大横截面积均显著降低(P0.01),其中小腿比目鱼肌下降幅度最大。用药组肌肉最大横截面积的减少较对照组均有改善作用(P0.05);3)对照组大腿和小腿肌群肌肉体积在卧床45 d均显著下降(P0.01),以比目鱼肌体积下降最为明显,用药组下降幅度显著减少,且比目鱼肌对抗作用最为明显(P0.01)。结论 45 d-6°头低位卧床引起进行性加重的肌萎缩,中药红景天可部分对抗模拟长期失重效应诱导的下肢肌萎缩。     

模拟失重对成年小鼠闪光视网膜电图和视网膜微循环的影响

目的:小鼠通过悬尾来模拟失重状态下体液头向重分布,然后观察视网膜电图(ERG)和视网膜微循环的变化。方法:正常成年雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分到3个实验组和3个对照组,最终每组6只。具体分组如下:实验1组(尾悬15d),实验2组(尾悬30d),实验3组(悬吊30d后恢复体位30d);对照1组(正常饲养15d),对照2组(正常饲养30d),对照3组(正常饲养60d)。时间满足后马上检测暗适应闪光ERG,记录混合反应和振荡电位(OPs),并进行荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)。然后提取视网膜组织,用免疫组化法检测感光细胞视色素或视蛋白的表达,用TUNEL试剂盒检测视网膜组织细胞的凋亡情况。结果:悬吊15d组,暗适应ERG的混合反应,b波较大而OPs振幅明显降低,后者第二个子波(O 2)幅值197±33μV,15d未悬吊组336±47μV(t=-5.938,P<0.001)。悬吊30d组,小鼠ERG恢复,O 2幅值264±39μV,与30d未悬吊组308±41μV无差异(t=-1.887,P>0.05)。悬吊15d组FFA,视网膜微血管较对照组更密集,呈迂曲扩张的表现,其他实验组基本正常。各实验组感光细胞视色素或视蛋白的表达未见明显异常,视网膜未见凋亡阳性细胞。结论:模拟失重状态下体液头向重分布,短期内小鼠ERG和视网膜微循环可能受到影响,但未对视网膜产生明显的永久性损伤。     

不同视觉方式引导下的运动想象脑电信号特征对比分析研究

目的 研究人服匹配因素（包括肘关节旋转中心位置、人服几何匹配度）对人服典型关节耦合运动的影响,了解人服耦合力学特性。方法 采用内置式测量方法进行试验,受试者穿戴航天服上肢组件在负压舱内指定位置完成肘关节屈曲运动,使用惯性运动捕捉系统与压力测量系统,分别采集人体运动数据与人服接触力的数据,并对测量结果进行分析。结果 人服耦合运动受到人服匹配因素的影响,受试者在4个位置肘关节屈曲40°时的平均力矩分别为3.7565Nm、2.8561Nm、2.9113Nm和4.0129Nm,屈曲过程消耗的能量平均为1.769J、1.565J、1.176J和1.982J;航天服关节阻尼力矩与围度比线性相关,相关系数r=0.7315。结论 航天服关节中间位置与人体肘关节旋转中心匹配时活动性能较好,较小的前臂围着服工况运动时受到的关节阻尼力矩较小,人服耦合力学特性与人服匹配因素密切相关。