Protective Effect of Salidroside on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Comparison with N-Acetylcysteine and Its Underlying Mechanism

Objective:To study the prevention effect of salidroside on contrast-induced-nephropathy(CIN)and its underlying mechanism.Methods:A total of 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 in each group.Rats were firstly administrated with normal saline(control and model groups),N-acetylcysteine(NAC,NAC group) and salidroside(salidroside group) for 7 days before model establishment in each group,respectively.Histopathological analysis was performed by periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining.Oxidative stress related parameters including superoxide dismutase(SOD) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde(MDA),nitric oxide(NO),angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ),8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG),mRNA and protein levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity were measured.Results:Compared with the control group,the levels of MDA,Ang Ⅱ and 8-OHdG were all significantly increased and levels of SOD,NO,and eNOS mRNA and protein were decreased significantly in the model group(P0.05).Meanwhile,the NOS activity was also significantly decreased in the model group(P0.05).In addition,the levels of these parameters were all improved in the NAC(P0.05) and salidroside groups and no significant different was found between these two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:Salidroside can be the potential substitute of NAC to prevent CIN.The underlying mechanism may be associated with oxidative stress damage caused by contrast agents.     

Current status of anticoagulant treatments and improvements for hemodialysis patients in northern Chinese cities: a five-year comparative study

Background Anticoagulation treatments are an important aspect of hemodialysis; however,few reports have addressed these treatments.This investigation intends to increase the understanding of the current status and improvements of hemodialysis-related anticoagulation treatments in China.Methods In this study,an epidemiological investigation was conducted that examined 842 patients in 2007 and 1 175patients in 2012 who underwent hemodialysis anticoagulation treatments in seven blood purification centers in northern Chinese cities.Results Heparin was the most commonly used anticoagulant,although the percentage of use of low-molecular-weight heparin （LMWH） increased from 26.5% in 2007 to 42.1% in 2012.In 2007,there were no significant differences in anticoagulant selection among either patients with various primary diseases or patients with hemorrhage,thrombosis,thrombocytopenia,or a low hemoglobin level.However,compared with patients with other diseases,significantly lower doses of LMWH were administered to patients with hypertension （55.5 U/kg vs.67.3 U/kg,P 〈0.05） or diabetes （58.5 U/kg vs.67.3 U/kg,P 〈0.05）,and patients with hemorrhage received lower doses of heparin than the other patients （61.6 U/kg vs.71.8 U/kg,P 〈0.01）.In 2012,patients with diabetic nephropathy （51.5% vs.36.5%,P 〈0.01）,hemorrhage （43.4% vs.31.7%,P 〈0.01）,or a hemoglobin level below 90 g/L （57.2% vs.37.1%,P 〈0.01） experienced significantly higher doses of LMWH administration; patients with hemorrhage received significantly reduced LMWH dosages （50.4 U/kg vs.57.8 U/kg,P 〈0.05）,and patients with thrombosis received significantly higher doses of heparin （73.8 U/kg vs.62.1 U/kg,P 〈0.01） or LMWH （57.8 U/kg vs.52.6 U/kg,P 〈0.05）.Antiplatelet drugs were administered to 20.4% of the examined patients in 2007 and 20.7% in 2012.In 2012,patients with hypertension （25.9% vs.18.5%,P 〈0.01） and thrombosis （36.6% vs.16.1%,P 〈0.01） had a higher rate of using antiplatelet drugs than patients