3D打印钛网预成形联合术后严密护理对眼眶爆裂骨折患者预后的影响

目的:探讨3D打印钛网预成形联合术后严密护理对眼眶爆裂骨折患者预后情况的影响。方法:选取笔者医院收治的眼眶爆裂性骨折患者122例,随机分为对照组和观察组,分别62例和60例。对照组患者予以常规钛网置入术,观察组患者予以3D打印钛网预成形,术后均予以视力监测、眼肌运动训练等严密护理。观察并比较两组患者钛网贴合度,复视、眼球运动及眼球突出等症状的改善情况。结果:观察组患者CT矢状位上修复眼眶底的钛网呈S形,对照组患者呈弯向眼眶内的弧形。术后3个月、6个月,观察组患者复视、眼球运动受限情况治愈率均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后,两组患者患眼眼球突出度差值均降低,观察组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3D打印钛网预成形与眼眶爆裂性骨折患者眶底契合度更高,联合术后严密护理对复视、眼球运动受限及眼球突出等症状的改善作用更好,患者预后更好。     

双能X线骨密度仪检查及数字化X线摄影术用于骨搬移术后

目的 观察骨搬移术后应用双能X线骨密度仪（DEXA）检查及数字化X线摄影术（DR）的价值。方法 对19例因胫骨外伤致感染性骨不连及大面积骨缺损接受胫骨搬移术患者分别于术后2、4、6及8周、停止搬移即刻、停止搬移后4、8周、去外固定架前4周及去外固定架即刻行DEXA和DR检查,观察不同时间点胫骨搬移区新生骨痂（BMD_新生骨痂）和截骨上下端原骨质骨密度（BMD_{截骨上下端}）及二者比率,分析DR图像中胫骨新生骨痂的形态及填充量。结果 胫骨搬移术术后各时间点BMD_新生骨痂、BMD_{截骨上下端}及BMD比率总体差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。BMD_新生骨痂及BMD比率在术后2周分别为（0.07±0.01） g/cm²及（5.56±1.24）%,且均随术后时间延长而升高（P均<0.05）;BMD_{截骨上下端}在术后2周为（1.21±0.07） g/cm²,随时间延长而降低,去外固定架前4周降至最低（P均<0.05）、去外固定架即刻有所升高但与前者差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。DR显示,术后4周胫骨搬移始区见新生骨痂影,随时间延长而呈多形态变化;术后2周胫骨搬移区未见新生骨痂填充,至停止搬移即刻新生骨痂填充量达25%,停止搬移4、8周达50%、75%,去外固定架前4周基本达100%。结论 DEXA能动态监测骨搬移术后搬移区新生骨痂及截骨端原骨质BMD;DR可显示新生骨痂形态变化;骨搬移术后联合应用二者有助于评估预后。     

复杂髋臼骨折早期结构重建的临床研究

目的：探讨复杂髋臼骨折结构重建的时机,为临床手术治疗提供准确的时间选择。方法：采用前瞻性随机对照试验的方法,将入院的复杂髋臼骨折患者分成试验组和对照组,其中试验组93例（96髋）,对照组98例（101髋）,试验组于伤后7d内完成手术,对照组于伤后10d后完成手术。用手术时间、术后复位的优良率、术后并发症、关节功能评定（疼痛行走、关节活动度）、SF-36等作为观察指标。结果：①试验组按各型骨折分类其所用的手术时间明显低于对照组。②按Matta关节功能和X线评定标准,试验组明显好于对照组。③在对术前、术后立即和术后半年的CT评定中,试验组的复位优良率明显高于对照组。结论：复杂髋臼骨折通过早期结构重建,能明显减少手术时间,增加手术复位率,减少并发症的发生．     

Risk factors for implant failure of intertrochanteric fractures with lateral femoral wall fracture after intramedullary nail fixation

IntroductionFew studies have specifically evaluated the comminution extent of lateral femoral wall (LFW) fracture and risk factors of implant failure in intertrochanteric fractures with LFW fracture. The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of comminution extent of LFW fracture on implant failure and identify risk factors of implant failure in cases with LFW fracture after intramedullary fixation.MethodsThis retrospective study included 130 intertrochanteric fracture with LFW fracture treated with intramedullary fixation at a teaching hospital over a 13-year period from January 2006 to December 2018. Demographic information, cortical thickness index, the reduction quality, status of medial support, position of the screw/blade and status of lateral femoral wall were collected and compared. The logistic regression analyzes was performed to evaluate risk factors of implant failure in intertrochanteric fractures with LFW fracture after intramedullary nail fixation.Results10 patients (7.69%) suffered from mechanical failure after intramedullary fixation. Univariate analyzes showed that comminuted LFW fracture (OR, 7.625; 95%CI, 1.437~40.446; p = 0.017), poor reduction quality (OR, 49.375; 95%CI, 7.217~337.804; p < 0.001) and loss of medial support (OR, 17.818; 95%CI, 3.537~89.768; p < 0.001) were associated with implant failure. After adjustment for confounding variables, the multivariable logistic regression analyzes showed that poor reduction quality (OR, 11.318; 95%CI, 1.126~113.755; p = 0.039) and loss of medial support (OR, 7.734; 95%CI, 1.062~56.327; p = 0.043) were independent risk factors for implant failure. Whereas, comminuted LFW fracture was not associated with implant failure (p = 0.429).ConclusionsThe comminution extent of the LFW fracture might influence the stability of intertrochanteric fractures; and intramedullary fixation might be an effective treatment method. Furthermore, poor reduction quality and loss of medial support could increaze the risk of implant failure in intertrochanteric fractures with LFW fractures after intramedullary fixation. Therefore, we should pay great emphasis on fracture reduction quality in future.     

髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折临床疗效的Meta 分析

目的:系统评价髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法:使用计算机检索Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane Library,万方,知网,VIP 数据库,检索从建库到2019 年12 月的所有关于髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的随机对照试验。由2 名评价者对独立纳入的文献进行数据提取后,用RevMan5.3 软件进行Meta 分析。结果:按照规定的文献检索方式,最终纳入7 篇RCT 研究,研究中共纳入患者412 例,分析结果显示:在手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间方面髓内钉组优于锁定钢板组,两者之间差异具有统计学意义;在术后6 个月Constant-Murley 评分方面,两者之间差异无统计学意义。结论:治疗肱骨近端骨折髓内钉与锁定钢板均可取得良好疗效,但在减少手术时间、术中出血量以及缩短骨折愈合时间方面髓内钉更具优势,但仍需高质量的临床研究进一步验证。     

Fracture morphology and biomechanical characteristics of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures in young adults

BackgroundPauwels classification, which categorizes types of femoral neck fractures, cannot fully reflect the three-dimensional characteristics of this injury. The purpose of our study was to determine the morphological characteristics of Pauwels III fractures through computed tomography image analysis and summarize the relevant biomechanical characteristics of different morphological fractures.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a total of 209 patients diagnosed with Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures. Fracture reduction was simulated based on mirror symmetry of the bilateral femur by Mimics. The fracture angle was measured and subtypes were defined. Biomechanical characteristics were compared by finite element analysis and validated using a biomechanical experiment, which was performed on a cadaveric sample.ResultsPauwels III femoral neck fractures can be divided into three subtypes: anterior, posterior, and classical. The proportion of three subtypes was 28.71%, 67.46%, and 3.82%, respectively. The anterior subtype showed the lowest axial stiffness but highest implant and bone stress. High stress distributions was concentrated on the screw-bone interface and screw-plate connections.ConclusionsBiomechanical differences across the three subtypes of Pauwels III femoral neck fractures could increase our understanding of the biomechanical characteristics that underlie the Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures (such as, three-dimensional morphology and the stress distribution of bone and implant) that have been associated with high failure rates.     

Reversal of direct oral anticoagulants in adult hip fracture patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of patients are taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants at the time of hip fracture. Evidence is limited on how and if the effects of DOAC's should be reversed before surgical fixation. Wide variations in practice exist. We conducted a systematic review to investigate outcomes for three reversal strategies. These were: “watch and wait” (also referred to as “time-reversal”), plasma product reversal and reversal with specific antidotes.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using multiple databases. Results were obtained for studies directly comparing different DOAC reversal strategies in hip fracture patients and for studies comparing DOAC-taking hip fracture patients (including patients “reversed” using any method and “non-reversed” patients) against matched controls taking either a vitamin-K antagonist or not receiving anticoagulation therapy. This allowed construction of a network meta-analysis to indirectly compare outcomes between “reversed” and “non-reversed” DOAC patients. With respect to “watch and wait”/“time-reversal”, a cut-off time to surgery of 36 hours was used to distinguish between “time-reversed” and “non time-reversed” DOAC patients. The primary outcome was early/inpatient mortality, reported as Odds Ratios (OR).ResultsNo studies investigating plasma products or reversal agents specifically in hip fracture patients were obtained. Fourteen studies were suitable for analysis of “watch and wait”/“time- reversal”. Two studies directly compared “time-reversed” and “non time-reversed” DOAC-taking hip fracture patients (58 “time-reversed”, 62 “non time-reversed”). From 12 other studies we used indirect comparisons between “time-reversed” and “non time-reversed” DOAC patients (total, 357 “time-reversed”, 282 “non time-reversed”). We found no statistically significant differences in mortality outcomes between “time-reversal” and “non time-reversal” (OR 1.48 [95%CI: 0.29-7.53]). We also did not find a statistically significant difference between “time reversal” and “non time-reversal” in terms of blood transfusion requirements (OR 1.16 [95% CI 0.42-3.23]). However, several authors described that surgical delay is associated with worse outcomes related to prolonged hospitalisation, and that operating within 36 hours is safe.ConclusionsWe suggested against “watch and wait” to reverse the DOAC effect in hip fractures. Further work is required to assess the optimal timing for surgery as well as the use of plasma products or specific antidotes in DOAC-taking hip fracture patients.     

闭合复位穿针治疗锁骨中外1/3骨折并肩锁关节脱位

锁骨中外1／3骨折合并肩锁关节脱位在房部损伤中较为少见，常易漏诊。目前临床对此的治疗主要是切开复位内固定，自2003年至2007年共收治此类患者26例，采用闭合复位穿针内固定，取得良好效果，总结报告如下。     

Outcomes following traumatic inhalational airway injury – Predictors of mortality and effect of procedural intervention

ObjectiveStudy outcomes, predictors of mortality, and effects of procedural interventions on patients following traumatic inhalational airway injury.StudyDesign: Retrospective study.SettingNational Trauma Data BankMethodsPatients over the age of eighteen admitted between 2008 and 2016 to NTDB-participating sites were included. In-hospital mortality and length of stay were the primary outcomes.ResultsThe final study cohort included 13,351 patients. History of active smoking was negatively associated with in-house mortality with an OR of 0.33 (0.25–0.44). History of alcohol use, and presence of significant medical co-morbidities were positively associated with in-house mortality with OR of 5.28 (4.32–6.46) 2.74 (19.4–3.86) respectively. There was little to no association between procedural interventions and in-house mortality. Intubation, laryngobronchoscopy, and tracheostomy had OR of 0.90 (0.67–1.20), 1.02 (0.79–1.30), and 0.94 (0.58–1.51), respectively. However, procedural intervention did affect both the median hospital and ICU lengths of stay of patients. Median hospital and ICU length of stay were shorter for patients receiving endotracheal intubation. Median hospital length of stay was longer for patients undergoing bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy, but median ICU length of stay was shorter for patients undergoing bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy. Patients receiving a tracheostomy have both significantly increased median hospital and ICU lengths of stay.ConclusionsActive smoking was associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality, while presence of pre-existing medical comorbidities and history of alcohol use disorder was associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality. Procedural intervention had little to no association with in-hospital mortality but did affect overall hospital and ICU LOS.