Incidence of brain injuries in premature infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks in ten urban hospitals in China

Background

There is a large number (1.5 million per year) of premature births in China. It is necessary to obtain the authentic incidences of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the common brain injuries, in Chinese premature infants. The present multicenter study aimed to investigate the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in ten urban hospitals in China.

Methods

The research proposal was designed by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society of the Chinese Medical Association. Ten large-scale urban hospitals voluntarily joined the multicenter investigation. All premature infants with a gestational age ≤34 weeks in the ten hospitals were subjected to routine cranial ultrasound within three days after birth, and then to repeated ultrasound every 3–7 days till their discharge from the hospital from January 2005 to August 2006. A uniform data collection sheet was designed to record cases of brain injuries.

Results

The incidences of overall IVH and severe IVH were 19.7% (305/1551) and 4.6% (72/1551), respectively with 18.4% (56/305) for grade 1, 58.0% (177/305) for grade 2, 17.7% (54/305) for grade 3 and 5.9% (18/305) for grade 4 in nine hospitals. The incidences of overall PVL and cystic PVL were 5.0% (89/1792) and 0.8% (14/1792) respectively, with 84.3% (75/89) for grade 1, 13.5% (12/89) for grade 2, and 2.2% (2/89) for grade 3 in the ten hospitals. The statistically significant risk factors that might aggravate the severity of IVH were vaginal delivery (OR=1.883, 95% CI: 1.099–3.228, P=0.020) and mechanical ventilation (OR=4.150, 95% CI: 2.384–7.223, P=0.000). The risk factors that might result in the development of cystic PVL was vaginal delivery (OR=21.094, 95% CI: 2.650–167.895, P=0.000).

Conclusions

The investigative report can basically reflect the incidence of brain injuries in premature infants in major big cities of China. Since more than 60% of the Chinese population live in the rural areas of China, it is expected to undertake a further multicenter investigation covering the rural areas in the future.     

连续性血液净化对重症脓毒症炎症和营养状况的影响简

目的 探讨连续性血液净化对重症脓毒症患者炎症和营养状况的影响.方法 选取佛山市第二人民医院2010年7月～2013年7月收治的重症脓毒症患者42例,将其分为对照组和研究组,对照组采用常规治疗,研究组在此基础上行连续性血液净化（CBP）治疗,比较两组患者临床转归、治疗前后APACHE-Ⅱ评分、炎症指标及各项营养指标的变化.结果 与对照组进行比较,研究组患者ICU住院时间更短,病死率及多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）发生率更低;研究组APACHE-Ⅱ评分改善情况明显优于对照组;治疗2周后研究组患者肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平下降为（0.36±0.04）ng/dL,C反应蛋白（CRP）下降为（7.59±4.21）mg/L,对照组TNF-α水平上升为（1.12±0.10）ng/dL,CRP水平下降为（12.01±5.61） mg/L;研究组前白蛋白上升为（134.68±21.98）mg/L,胰岛素样生长因子1 （IGF-1）上升为（2.46±0.36）μg/L;对照组前白蛋白下降为（103.25±12.36）mg/L,IGF-1下降为（1.3 l±0.2）μg/L,两组各指标比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜ 0.05）.结论 CBP可更好地缓解重症脓毒症患者炎症反应,改善患者营养状况.     

腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术与无张力疝修补术的随机对照研究

目的：研究腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术（totally extraperitoneal prosthetic,TEP）在临床应用中的价值。方法：71例成人腹股沟疝患者前瞻性随机分成两组,分别进行TEP和无张力疝修补术（Lichtenstein）。TEP组35例,Lichtenstein组36例。手术后1周和1年内对患者作出临床观察和评估,并在3个月和1年时进行电话及门诊随访。观察指标为：手术时间、使用镇痛药物的频率、下床活动时间、住院天数、并发症、暂时性神经感觉异常、正常活动时间、腹股沟疼痛持续时间、疝复发。将两组数据进行统计学处理和分析。结果：使用镇痛药物的频率、下床活动时间、住院天数、恢复正常活动时间、腹股沟疼痛持续时间、并发症方面TEP组优于Lichtenstein组,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。手术时间、复发例数TEP组少于Lichtenstein组,但无统计学差异。结论：TEP对于复发疝、老年人疝以及双侧疝更加具有优势。但TEP手术费用较高、需要腹腔镜等设备、学习曲线较长,这些可能是目前TEP尚未广泛开展的主要原因。我们认为,缩短TEP学习曲线的关键在于掌握手术空间的建立,腹白线中隔是影响手术空间建立的主要因素,打开下方部分腹白线中隔是手术的要点。     

复方丹参滴丸对不稳定型心绞痛患者血小板活化功能的影响

目的探讨复方丹参滴丸治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效及其对血小板活化功能的影响。方法选择本院2012年8月～2013年10月收治的不稳定型心绞痛患者90例,随机分为两组,两组均给予抗凝、降脂、扩血管治疗,研究组患者在常规治疗的基础上给予复方丹参滴丸治疗。观察两组治疗效果,治疗前后采集静脉血,检测CD62p、GMP-140水平,评估患者治疗前后患者血小板活化功能的变化情况。结果两组心绞痛治疗总有效率比较,研究组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组治疗前CD62p、GMP-140差异均无统计学意义,治疗后两组CD62p、GMP-140均较治疗前降低,但研究组CD62p、GMP-140均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论复方丹参滴丸辅助治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效较好,并且可以有效抑制血小板活化功能的异常,值得应用。     

Sirtl在肝癌及癌旁组织中的表达差异研究

目的：研究肝癌组织与癌旁组织的基因表达谱差异。方法：应用包含44000条人类全长基因的寡聚核苷酸芯片检测肝癌组织与癌旁组织的基因表达谱,并比较两者之间存在明显上、下调的表达差异基因,随后用RT—PCR和Western blot方法进行验证分析。结果：基因芯片筛选出存在差异表达的基因,其中沉默信息调节因子1（Sirtl）在肝癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达差异明显,在肝癌组织中明显升高,经RT—PCR和Western blot证实与基因芯片结果一致。结论：Sirtl基因的表达可能与肝癌的发生发展密切相关。     

脂立平颗粒对大鼠血脂及血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨脂立平颗粒对脂肪肝大鼠血脂和血液流变学的影响。方法：采用复合方式建立大鼠脂肪肝模型,观察给药结束后不同组别大鼠血清TC、TG、ALT含量及肝组织TC、TG、HDL、LDL含量;同时检测全血高、中、低切黏度、血浆黏度。结果：脂立平颗粒可显著降低降低肝组织及血浆中TC、TG含量,显著降低全血黏度、血浆黏度。结论：脂立平颗粒对脂肪肝大鼠血脂及血液流变学有明显调节作用。     

Alzheimer’s disease in elderly COVID-19 patients: potential mechanisms and preventive measures

Neurological Sciences - Advanced age correlates with higher morbidity and mortality among patients affected with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because systemic inflammation and...     

Mechanisms for T cell tolerance induced with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been widely accepted as a mediator of T cell tolerance. The immune modulatory effect of G-CSF on T cells is believed to be mediated exclusively through other effector cells, such as monocytes, tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Recent advances confirmed the direct effects of G-CSF in inducing immune tolerance of T cells through the G-CSF-G-CSF receptor pathway and related molecular mechanisms. This review aims to summarize the findings associated with the direct and indirect mechanisms for T cell tolerance induced with G-CSF. The role of G-CSF in preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and in treating autoimmune diseases (ADs) is also discussed. It is conceivable that G-CSF and immune cell compositions, such as tolerogenic DC and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells, modulated by G-CSF could become an integral part of the immunomodulatory therapies against GVHD and ADs in the future.