癌痛从痰论治探讨

癌痛是晚期癌症患者的主要症状之一,属于中医痛证范畴。痰是产生癌痛的重要中医病机,消痰法是治疗癌痛的重要方法。     

传染性非典型肺炎患者血清干扰素-2α含量测定及评价

目的 观察SARS患者血清干扰素-2α(IFN--2α)含量变化。方法用放射免疫法检测了66例SARS患者血清IFN-2α含量，并与正常对照组作比较。结果SARS组进展期患者IFN-2α含量明显高于对照组，重型SARS患者血清IFN-2α含量要么较高，要么较低。结论患者血清IFN-2α含量变化提示细胞免疫参与了机体的免疫反应，重症SARS患者IFN-2α含量变化反映了患者的免疫机能状况差异。     

应用PCR-反向斑点杂交技术快速检测结核分枝杆菌耐链霉素基因型

目的 应用膜反向斑点杂交技术快速检测结核分枝杆菌对链霉素(SM)的耐药性。方法 设计与合成用于检测结核分枝杆菌耐SM基因rpsL和ms的寡核苷酸探针，点于硝酸纤维素膜上，与结核分枝杆菌分离株生物素标记的聚合酶链反应(PCR)产物进行反向斑点杂交，并与PCR-单链构象多态性(PCR—SSCP)和PCR-直接测序(PCR-DS)结果比较。结果 53株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中，三种检测方法符合率为100％。9株敏感株rpsL和ms基因的SSCP图谱、膜杂交结果与标准株完全相同；44株耐SM菌株中，33株存在rpsL基因43位密码子AAG→AGG突变，6株有ms基因513位A→C突变，1株有ms基因513住A→T突变，突变检出率为90．9％，40株耐SM菌株和9株敏感株可用膜杂交方法检测出来，与传统药敏试验方法检测符合率为49／53。结论 应用膜反向斑点杂交技术检测结核分枝杆菌耐SM基因型灵敏度高、特异性好、简便、快速，可用于临床耐药性检测。     

Inhibiting effect of Radix Hedysari Polysaccharide (HPS) on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Radix Hedysari Polysaccharide (HPS) on clinical indicators, the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and its downstream transduction molecules during endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats.MethodsEIU was induced through the intraperitoneal injection of male Wistar rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS 200 μg). HPS (400 mg/kg), DXM (1 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before the LPS induction. The clinical manifestation was observed and scored at 2-h intervals using a slit microscope. The degree of inflammatory reaction was determined by routine histological examinations, and the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the iris-ciliary body complex was detected through a double-labeled immunofluorescence study. Real-time RT-PCR was used to assess the effects of HPS on the expression of the TLR4 complex, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 mRNA. The protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 were examined by western blot.ResultsHPS treatment produced similar therapeutic results with dexamethasone by significantly reducing the clinical severity of EIU as well as fibrin exudations and inflammatory cell infiltration in the eye. Correspondingly, according to the immunofluorescence results, HPS treatment significantly suppressed the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the iris–ciliary body complex. HPS treatment could also remarkably reduce the mRNA and protein expression of the TLR4 complex, MyD88 and NF-κB p65.ConclusionHPS can suppress the intraocular inflammation observed in EIU by inhibiting TLR4 and its downstream signal transduction pathway.     

严重急性呼吸综合征患者血清甲状腺和甲状旁腺激素水平观察及评价

目的　观察和评价SARS患者血清甲状腺素和甲状旁腺素含量变化。方法 用电化学发光法检测了 48例SARS患者血清甲状腺素、甲状旁腺素和促甲状腺激素含量，并与正常对照组作了比较。结果 患者T₃、T₄ 、FT₃和TSH含量明显低于对照组，重型SARS患者血清T₃含量明显低于普通型。甲状旁腺素水平 2组间无显著性差异。结论 血清甲状腺素和促甲状腺激素含量变化可能是SARS病程中的一个重要表现。     

The tuberculosis vaccine H4:IC31 is safe and induces a persistent polyfunctional CD4 T cell response in South African adults: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundNew, more effective vaccines to prevent tuberculosis (TB) disease are needed urgently. H4:IC31 is an investigational vaccine that contains a fusion protein of the immunodominant antigens TB10.4 and Ag85B, formulated in IC31^® adjuvant. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of H4:IC31 in South African adults from a TB endemic setting.MethodsIn this double blind, placebo controlled, phase I trial, Mycobacterium tuberculosis-uninfected, HIV-uninfected, healthy adults with a history of childhood BCG vaccination were randomly allocated to two intramuscular vaccinations with 5, 15, 50 or 150 μg H4 formulated in 500 nmol IC31^®, two months apart. Vaccinees were followed for six months to assess safety; immunogenicity was measured by ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining assays.ResultsThirty-two participants received H4:IC31 and 8 received placebo. Injection site adverse events were common but mild; mild fatigue was the most common systemic adverse event. Frequencies of adverse events did not differ between dosage groups. Detectable antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses were induced by all doses of H4:IC31, but doses below 50 μg induced the highest frequencies of CD4 T cells, comprised predominantly of IFN-γ⁺TNF-α⁺IL-2⁺ or TNF-α⁺IL-2⁺ cells. These memory responses persisted up to the end of follow up, on study day 182.ConclusionsH4:IC31 demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and was immunogenic in South African adults. In this trial, the 15 μg dose appeared to induce the most optimal immune response.     

不同剂量辛伐他汀载药体系对兔骨质疏松模型骨修复的实验研究

目的研发一种新型可注射、可降解及具有抗骨质疏松作用的载药缓释体系,观察其理化性能及对兔骨质疏松模型的骨修复效果。方法载药缓释体系以磷酸钙为基体,将载有不同剂量辛伐他汀(Simvastatin,SIM)的聚左乳酸(Poly-L-Lactic Acid,PLLA)微球与磷酸钙物理共混获得一种可注射、可降解及抗骨质疏松的载药体系,实验分为对照组、低剂量SIM-PLLA缓释组及高剂量SIM-PLLA缓释组,分别测定载药缓释体系的可注射性、凝固时间、力学强度、药物缓释规律及骨质疏松兔模型体内成骨活性。结果与对照组比较,含SIM-PLLA缓释体系凝固时间有所延长(P0.05)、可注射性提高(P0.05)且具有合适的抗压强度(P0.05),植入骨质疏松兔体内4周及12周后,三组材料随着材料的降解均有新生骨长入,但SIM-PLLA缓释组材料的降解率及新骨生成率均显著优于对照组(P0.05),其中以高剂量SIM-PLLA缓释组最高。结论 SIM-PLLA缓释体系具有良好的注射性能及合适的力学强度,对兔骨质疏松模型有明显的成骨活性及抗骨质疏松效果,有望成为治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折及不规则骨缺损的新型生物医学材料。     

脊柱结核伴截瘫外科治疗的疗效分析

 目的 探讨脊柱结核伴截瘫患者的手术指征及手术时机,并评价脊柱结核伴截瘫患者的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年3月至2012年4月治疗的78例脊柱结核伴截瘫患者的临床资料,男45例,女33例;年龄13~71岁,平均39.5岁。骨病活动型截瘫69例,41例已行抗结核治疗,发生截瘫至手术时间平均为2.3周（0~4周）行早期手术治疗;22例（合并活动肺结核6例、结核性脑膜炎5例、药物性肝炎7例、尿毒症3例、不稳定心绞痛1例）经围手术期处理后行手术治疗,发生截瘫至手术时间平均为4.5周（3~8周）;6例单纯行药物治疗。骨病治愈型截瘫9例,行常规手术治疗。结果 所有病例均获得随访,随访时间12~48 个月,平均31.4个月。术后第1天~3周,神经功能开始部分恢复;术后3个月至末次随访,完全恢复65例,部分恢复7例,无改善6例。骨病活动型截瘫患者预后相似,骨病治愈型截瘫患者初始恢复慢,且预后较差。术后及末次随访疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、Cobb角明显改善,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义。随访期间病灶无复发,X线片或CT提示病灶均获骨性融合。结论 对于骨病活动型截瘫,病变较轻者可行单纯药物治疗;病变较重者（Frankel分级C级以下,后凸畸形）早期手术治疗有利于神经功能恢复;有早期手术禁忌者,合并症处理后,延期手术治疗亦可取得较好疗效。骨病治愈型截瘫的神经症状改善较骨病活动型截瘫患者差,提示初治病例（尤其是儿童结核）应强调脊柱稳定性重建。     

经肱三头肌两侧入路治疗肱骨远端骨折

目的探讨经肱三头肌两侧入路双柱固定治疗肱骨远端骨折的疗效。方法 2008年10月至2011年10月对16例肱骨远端骨折采用经肱三头肌两侧入路,双接骨板固定肱骨远端内外侧柱,男12例,女4例;年龄17~61岁,平均36岁;右侧11例,左侧5例。损伤机制:摔伤5例,高处坠落伤9例,车祸伤2例。骨折类型:按AO/ASIF分型,A型2例,C型14例,其中C1型8例,C2型6例。受伤至手术时间2~8 d。结果所有病例均获随访,随访时间12~24个月,平均为15个月。所有骨折均愈合,无感染。末次随访时,肘关节平均屈曲度数为125°(95°~140°),平均屈曲挛缩23°(0°~85°),前臂旋前平均为70°(40°~80°),前臂旋后平均为83°(70°~90°)。采用Mayo肘关节评分(mayo elbow performance index,MEPI),平均为90分(65~100分),其中优6例,良8例,差2例,优良率为87.5%。2例术后出现尺神经迟发性麻痹。结论对于肱骨远端C1、C2型骨折,经肱三头肌两侧入路能够满足复位固定要求,疗效满意。     

NAT2基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害的关系

目的探讨汉族人群N-乙酰基转移酶2(NAT2)基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害(ATDLI)易感性的关系。方法回顾性分析抗结核治疗后发生肝损害的结核病患者228例(肝损害组),未发生肝损害的结核病患者260例(无肝损害组),应用时间飞行质谱技术(MassARRAY)检测NAT2基因多态性。结果在筛选出的10个标签单核苷酸多态性(tagSNP)位点中,NAT2启动子区域rs4646243的T等位基因和rs4646246的A等位基因构成的突变纯合及杂合基因型均与抗结核药物性肝损害保护性有关联,rs1115784、rs1041983和rs1799930的纯合突变基因型与抗结核药物性肝损害风险相关联,其中rs1041983和rs1799930的突变纯合基因型与抗结核药物性肝损害高度关联。在10个标签SNP位点中发现2个单体域,位于单体域1的单体型‘TGAA’和位于单体域2的单体型‘TAG’与抗结核药物性肝损害相关联。在NAT2基因上还发现2个抗结核药物性肝损害保护性的单体型:位于单体域1的单体型‘CGGG’及位于单体域2的‘CGG’。结论汉族人群NAT2基因多态性与抗结核药物性肝损害的发生密切相关,通过检测NAT2基因及单体型,可以在抗结核治疗前筛选出肝损害发生风险较高的患者。