颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段退变的危险因素研究进展

颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术（anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF）应用于临床近百年,取得了良好的临床疗效,被认为是治疗颈椎病的金标准。但融合术后邻近节段退变（adjacent segment degeneration,ASDeg）受到越来越多的关注,关于其发生机制的争论主要集中在融合术导致邻近节段生物应力的改变与年龄相关的自然退变。融合术后发生ASDeg将严重影响手术的中远期疗效,部分患者甚至需要二次手术治疗。为了降低甚至避免ASDeg的发生,临床上出现许多新的技术,诸如保留运动节段的人工椎间盘置换术,新兴的细胞移植技术等,但临床疗效仍需要大量的研究进行证实。因此,发现融合术后发生ASDeg的危险因素对于临床开展融合手术具有重要的意义。目前对于ASDeg危险因素的研究仍无统一认识,本文将从颈椎前路融合术后发生ASDeg的危险因素的研究进展及相应应对措施作一综述,以指导临床实践。     

O形臂实时导航在颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定术中的应用

目的:探讨在O形臂导航下提高颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉准确性的技术要点。方法:对2015年12月至2020年1月接受O形臂导航下颈椎椎弓根钉内固定术治疗的21例患者进行回顾性分析,其中男15例,女6例,年龄29～76(45.3±11.5)岁。术后CT扫描以Gertzbein&Robbins分级评估颈椎弓根螺钉置钉的准确性。结果:21例患者共置入132枚椎弓根螺钉,其中116枚置于C₃-C₆节段,16枚置于环枢椎。术后CT扫描根据Gertzbein&Robbins分级,11.36%(15/132)打破椎弓根,其中73.33%(11/15)为B级,26.67%(4/15)为C级,无D-E级破壁。所有患者术后随访无内固定所致相关并发症。结论:在合理选择适应证的前提下,O形臂导航下能够提高颈椎椎弓根螺钉置钉准确性和可靠性,使得手术医师更有信心进行复杂困难的颈椎内固定操作。但是考虑到颈椎弓根周围重要而复杂的邻近解剖结构,以及可能导致的灾难性后果,不仅应该熟练掌握导航技术要点,积累足够操作经验,同时警惕影像漂移,不应完全依赖导航。     

Biomechanical evaluation of compression buttress screw and medial plate fixation for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures

ObjectiveTo compare the biomechanical properties of compression buttress screw (CBS) fixation with three plate fixation methods for the treatment of vertical femoral neck fractures (FNFs).MethodsA total of forty synthetic femoral models with simulated Pauwels type III fractures (angle of 70°) were equally assigned to one of four fixation groups: CBS fixation, anteromedial plate fixation (AMP), medial buttress plate fixation (MBP) and medial buttress plate fixation without proximal screw (MBPw). Within each group, half of the specimens were randomly assigned to two loading settings, an axial compression loading test and a hip-flexion torsion test.ResultsThere were no significant differences in axial load to failure, axial stiffness, torsional strength, or torsional stiffness when comparing CBS with MBP (p>0.05). In the axial compression loading test, both CBS and MBP showed higher load to failure and axial stiffness than MBPw (p<0.05). In torsional testing, AMP exhibited superior torsional strength and torsional stiffness than both MBPw and MBP (all p<0.05) and a higher torsional strength than CBS fixation (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in torsional stiffness between the CBS and AMP fixation groups (p>0.05).ConclusionThe biomechanical parameters of CBS fixation are comparable to that of AMP and MBP, and demonstrate superior axial stiffness than MBPw fixation. Although the CBS method for surgical fixation of vertical FNF holds promise as a less invasive surgical technique than plate fixation with similar biomechanical assessments, further clinical evaluation is warranted.     

微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术后发生非症状侧肢体疼痛的原因探讨

目的:探讨微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,MIS-TLIF)术后对侧肢体疼痛发生的可能原因和预防措施。方法:对2019年1月至2020年9月采用MIS-TLIF手术治疗的50例腰椎退行性疾病患者进行回顾性分析,男29例,女21例,年龄33～72(65.30±7.13)岁,其中22例采取单侧减压,28例采取双侧减压。记录术前、术后3d和术后3个月疼痛发生的侧别(患侧或对侧)和部位(腰部、臀部、下肢),采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估各时间点患者的疼痛程度。再根据术后是否发生对侧疼痛进行分组(对侧疼痛组8例,无对侧疼痛组42例),分析发生疼痛的原因和预防措施。结果:所有手术顺利完成,50例患者术后均获得至少3个月随访,术前症状侧(患侧)的疼痛均获得改善,VAS由术前的(7.00±1.79)分降低至术后3 d的(3.38±1.32)分,以及术后3个月的(1.98±1.17)分,8例术后3 d内出现术前非症状侧(对侧)的疼痛症状,占1...