Microencapsulation of tumor lysates and live cell engineering with MIP-3α as an effective vaccine

The combination of several potential strategies so as to develop new tumor vaccines is an attractive field of translational medicine. Pulsing tumor lysates with dendritic cells (DCs), in-vivo attraction of DCs by macrophage inflammatory protein 3α (MIP-3α), and reversion of the tumor suppressive microenvironment have been tested as strategies to develop tumor vaccines. In this study, we generated an alginate microsphere (named PaLtTcAdMIP3α) that encapsulated tumor lysates, live tumor cells engineering with a recombinant MIP-3α adenovirus and BCG. We used PaLtTcAdMIP3α as a model vaccine to test its antitumor activities. Our results showed that PaLtTcAdMIP3α expressed and excreted MIP-3α, which effectively attracted DCs ex vivo and in vivo. Injection of PaLtTcAdMIP3α into tumor-bearing mice effectively induced both therapeutic and prophylactic antitumor immunities in CT26, Meth A, B16-F10 and H22 models, but without any ensuing increase in adverse effects. Both tumor-specific cellular and humoral immune responses, especially the CD8⁺ T cell-dependent cytotoxic T immunity, were found in the mice injected with PaLtTcAdMIP3α. The anti-tumor activity was abrogated completely by depletion of CD8⁺ and partially by CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. In addition, the number of IFN-γ-producing CD8⁺ T cells in spleen and tumor tissues was significantly increased; but the number of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) in tumor tissues was decreased. These data strongly suggest that a combination of multi-current-using strategies such as the novel approach of using our PaLtTcAdMIP3α microspheres could be an effective tumor model vaccine.     

Morphological and serum hyaluronic acid, laminin and type Ⅳ collagen changes in dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis of rats

AIM: To study the morphological and serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and type Ⅳ collagen changes in hepatic fibrosis of rats induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). METHODS: The rat model of liver fibrosis was induced by DMN. Serum HA, type Ⅳ collagen, and LN were measured by ELISA. The liver/weight index and morphological changes were examined under electron microscope on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 by immunohistochemical alpha smooth muscle actin α-SMA staining as well as Sirius-red and HE staining. RESULTS: The levels of serum HA, type Ⅳ collagen and LN significantly increased from d 7 to d 28 (P = 0.043). The liver/weight index increased on d 7 and decreased on d 28. In the model group, the rat liver stained with HE and Sirius-red showed evident hemorrhage and necrosis in the central vein of hepatic 10 lobules on d 7. Thin fibrotic septa were formed joining central areas of the liver on d 14. The number of α-SMA positive cells was markedly increased in the model group. Transitional hepatic stellate cells were observed under electron microscope. All rats in the model group showed micronodular fibrosis in the hepatic parenchyma and a network of α-SMA positive cells. Typical myofibroblasts were embedded in the core of a fibrous septum. Compared to the control group, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis and pathologic grading were significantly different in the model group (P<0.05) on different d (7, 14, and 28). The area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis in hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of serum HA, LN, and type Ⅳ collagen. CONCLUSION: The morphological and serum HA, type Ⅳ collagen, and LN are changed in DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats.     

Sophoraflavanone G prevents Streptococcus mutans surface antigen I/II-induced production of NO and PGE2 by inhibiting MAPK-mediated pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages

BackgroundSophora flavescens AITON (Leguminosae) is a typical traditional Korean medical herb considered to exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects, and is also used for the treatment of skin and mucosal ulcers, sores, diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, arrhythmia, and eczema.Objective and designThis study examined the inhibitory effects of sophoraflavanone G (SF) of S. flavescens on the bacterial fibrillar protein, Antigen I/II (AgI/II)-N recombinant protein isolated from Streptococcus mutans(rAg I/II)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂). The investigation was focused on whether SF could inhibit the production of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in rAgI/II-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using Griess reagent, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting analysis.ResultsSG significantly inhibited the production of NO and PGE₂ and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in Ag I/II-N-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which were mediated by the down-regulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The SF inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α, nuclear translocation of p65, and subsequent activation of NF- κB in the rAgI/II-stimulated cells. In addition, the SF suppressed the rAgI/II-stimulated activation of ERK MAPK as well as the MAPK inhibitor significantly reduced the rAgI/II-induced production of NO and PGE₂.ConclusionCollectively, we suggest that the SF inhibits the expression and production of inflammatory mediators by blocking the ERK MAPK mediated pathway and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.     

枳椇总黄酮提取工艺的正交设计研究

目的 优选枳椇中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.方法 采用紫外分光光度法测定枳椇总黄酮的含量,以乙醇浓度,提取时间,料水比例为考察因素,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,采用L16（34） 正交设计优选最佳提取工艺条件.结果最佳提取工艺为12倍量60%乙醇回流提取2 h.结论本法可为中药枳椇的开发利用提供参考.     

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response is associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis

ObjectiveStaphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) might participate in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). However, the exact mechanism of polyp formation in CRSwNP remains unclear. Since the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is closely associated with chronic inflammation, we investigated the association between ER stress and SEB in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.Design and methodsTwenty-three CRSwNP patients with eosinophilic polyps (EP) or non-eosinophilic polyps (NEP) and 10 healthy subjects who were undergoing septoplasty were enrolled in this study. ER stress response was investigated using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.ResultsWe show in this study that there are significantly more SEB-positive cells and higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the epithelial layer of EP than NEP or control tissue. Both SEB and protein A were detected strongly in tissues from patients with CRSwNP. We observed SEB induced the ER stress response in RPMI 2650 cells. GRP78 elevation by SEB was reduced by ROS scavenger pretreatment. In addition, the induction of GRP78 and p47 phox was increased significantly in EP compared with NEP or control mucosa.ConclusionsSEB may induce ER stress via ROS production in CRSwNP. Therefore, we suggest that SEB-induced ER stress may play important roles in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.     

胎肝细胞对重症肝炎病人血清中肝细胞再生因子水平的影响

用成熟豚鼠原代肝细胞与胎肝细胞(FLC)输注前后采集的重症肝炎血清一起孵育,以氚-胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-dTdR)标记DNA,观察肝细胞生长时所摄取3H-dTdR量。结果表明,同种胎肝细胞提高重症肝炎血清中肝细胞再生因子(HGF)的活性,并发现HGF活性值在输注FLC后12h达高值,而后逐渐下降,48h后接近输注前水平。     

延边农村地区汉族和朝鲜族居民血脂异常分布特征比较

目的：调查分析延边农村地区汉族和朝鲜族居民血脂异常分布特征。方法：调查于2004-08／09完成，随机抽取延边地区汪清县大兴沟镇汉族和朝鲜族居民455名，均自愿参加调查。排除混血民族。①按统一的调查表（包括研究对象的一般情况、心脑血管疾病的既往史及家族史等）进行家访询问调查。②测量身高、体质量、腰围、臀围、血压等。取清晨空腹静脉血，测量血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血糖等指标，均用全自动生化分析仪测定。③分析血脂异常与其影响因素的关系采用Logistic回归分析。结果：调查问卷、体格检查及生化指标检测结果完整者455人。①两民族血脂异常率比较：朝鲜族男女血脂异常率显著高于汉族[84．1％，88．8％；30．7％，42．1％（x^2=48．9，53．4，P〈0．01）]，而且其高胆固醇血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症、单纯高收缩压、单纯高舒张压、高血糖等患病率也均高于汉族（P〈0．05-0．01），朝鲜族女性的高三酰甘油血症患病率高于汉族女性（P〈0．01）。②血脂异常者不同血脂类型构成：延边农村地区的血脂异常以低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为主要类型。③血脂异常相关因素的多因素分析：最终进入方程的因素分别为：民族、性别、收缩压、空腹血糖及腰围（OR=0．108，95％（21：0．061～0．190；OR=1．539，95％CI：0．970～2．441；OR=1．670．95％CI：1．020～2．757；OR=2．565．95％CI：270～5．183；OR=1．890，95％CI：1．196～3．008）。结论：延边农村地区汉族和朝鲜族人群血脂异常患病率存在差异，该地区的血脂异常与居民的民族、性别、收缩压、空腹血糖及腰围有关，并且以低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症为主要类型。     

Effects of Red Ginseng on the Congestive Heart Failure and Its Mechanism

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＲｅｄＧｉｎｓｅｎｇｏｎｔｈｅＣｏｎｇｅｓｔｉｖｅＨｅａｒｔＦａｉｌｕｒｅａｎｄｌｔｓＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍＤＩＮＧＤａ－ｚｈｉ（丁大植）；ＳＨＥＮＴｉｅ－ｋｕａｎ（沈铁宽）；ＣＵＩＹｉｎ－ｚｅ（崔银泽）；ＬＩＸｉａｎ－ｎｕ（李仙女）；...     

延边地区喉癌的临床特征探讨

为探讨喉癌的发病因素，对收治的６４例喉癌患进的临床资料进行分析。结果显示，延边地区喉癌最高发病年龄为５０￣６９岁；其女性患者比例较东北地区喉癌发病率明显低下。其病变受累部位多为声门上区。病理诊断多为麟癌。提示：喉癌与吸烟有关，与饮酒似无关。     

优降糖对实验性糖尿病小鼠胰岛免疫组织化学的影响

本研究以口服优降糖的实验性糖尿病小鼠作为实验组,以四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠作为对照组,分别在病期第7d与第14d取胰腺,用免疫组织化学方法,对胰腺和胰岛B细胞的形态结构进行了观察,结果表明,实验组与对照组之间,未发现明显的形态学差异。