空气中氨检测技术的研究概况

空气中的氨具有刺激性,损害人的身体健康,建立灵敏度高、特异性好、简便环保的检测氨的方法是十分必要的。该文介绍了空气中氨检测技术的研究进展,主要包括靛粉蓝、纳氏试剂比色法、乙酰丙酮甲醛分光光度法、水杨酸盐分光光度法、茚三酮光度法等比色法和离子色谱法。并对氨测定过程的不确定度进行了分析,同时介绍了一种新研制的用于室内空气中氨采样测定的固体吸附采样管。     

无锡市南长区2008—2010年托幼机构消毒质量分析

目的了解无锡市南长区托幼机构消毒卫生情况,分析存在问题,以提出改进措施。方法按照卫生部《消毒技术规范》和江苏省《托幼机构消毒卫生标准》规定的方法进行采样检测。结果 2008—2010年消毒质量监测合格率在71.1%~92.3%之间,平均合格率为87.6%。手表面、物表面、餐饮具、紫外线灯等的合格率均有提高,但空气合格率最低。托幼机构等级愈高,其消毒质量水平则愈高,且各级托幼机构间差异有统计学意义（χ2=71.2,P〈0.05）。结论无锡市南长区托幼机构预防性消毒质量逐年提高,但室内空气、紫外线灯、工作人员手的监测合格率较低。     

2009—2010年无锡市惠山区生活饮用水水质监测结果

目的了解无锡市惠山区生活饮用水水质现状,确保居民饮用水卫生安全,为政府决策提供依据。方法对惠山区4个集中式供水及2个二次供水监测点的水质进行监测,并根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》GB 5749-2006进行分析评价。结果 2009—2010年惠山区生活饮用水的合格率较高,2009年为97.9%（188/192）,2010年为92.0%（127/138）。其中,2009年集中式供水为96.9%（124/128）,二次供水为100%（64/64）,不合格项目均为细菌总数超标。2010年集中式供水为88.0%（81/92）,二次供水为100%（46/46）,不合格项目为余氯含量低于标准,细菌总数超标。结论惠山区饮用水卫生状况较好,但夏秋季仍有不合格现象,应于夏秋等天气炎热季节加大水质监测力度,及时通报供水部门,确保饮用水安全卫生。     

Analyses of rare predisposing variants of lung cancer in 6,004 whole genomes in Chinese

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Prediction of all-cause mortality with malnutrition assessed by nutritional screening and assessment tools in patients with heart failure：a systematic review

Background and aimsIn the absence of a gold standard or scientific consensus regarding the nutritional evaluation of heart failure (HF) patients, this study aimed to summarize and systematically evaluate the prognostic value of nutritional screening and assessment tools used for all-cause mortality in HF patients.Methods and resultsRelevant studies were retrieved from major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and China Biology Medicine disc (CMB)) and searched from the earliest available date until July 2021. If three or more studies used the same tool, meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 was performed. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (number CRD42021275575). A total of 36 articles involving 25,141 HF patients were included for qualitative analysis and 31 studies for quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis of these studies indicated, poor nutritional status evaluated by using 5 nutritional screening tools (Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Controlling Nutritional Status Score (CONUT), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and Short Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF)) or 2 nutritional assessment tools (the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Generated Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)) predicted all-cause mortality in HF patients. Of all tools analyzed, MNA had the maximum HR for mortality [HR = 2.62, 95%CI 1.11–6.20, P = 0.03] and MNA-SF [HR = 1.94, 95%CI 1.40–2.70, P＜0.001] was the best nutritional screening tools.ConclusionPoor nutritional status predicted all-cause mortality in HF patients. MNA may be the best nutritional assessment tool, and MNA-SF is most recommended for HF patient nutritional screening. The application value of MNA, especially in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), needs to be further confirmed. The clinical application value of Mini-Nutrition Assessment Special for Heart Failure (MNA-HF) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) in HF patients needs to be confirmed.     

The fluorescent probe-based recombinase-aided amplification for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a common foodborne morbigenous microorganism, which can spread through fecal-oral transmission. Humans can be infected by ingesting foods and water contaminated with E. coli O157:H7, which can cause various symptoms. In present study, we have successfully developed a quick and hypersensitive fluorescent probe-based Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) method and applied in E. coli O157:H7 detection at 39 °C in 20 min. The sensitivity of the assay in pure E. coli O157:H7 suspension was 5.6 × 10⁰ CFU/mL. The fluorescent probe-based RAA assay was further applied in three samples, and the limit of detection (LOD) in skimmed milk, lettuces and lake water was 5.4 × 10¹ CFU/mL, 7.9 × 10¹ CFU/mL and 5.2 × 10¹ CFU/mL, separately. This method showed a high sensitivity and short detection time, which has the feasible application in on-site test in real samples.     

2015 - 2017年无锡市含无细胞百白破成分疫苗预防接种安全性评价

目的 评价无锡市无细胞百白破疫苗（DTaP）和无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎- b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗（DTaP - IPV - Hib）的预防接种安全性。方法 分别通过中国AEFI监测信息管理系统和无锡市免疫规划信息管理系统收集AEFI监测数据和疫苗接种数据，采用描述性流行病学方法对2015 - 2017年无锡市的DTaP和DTaP - IPV - Hib接种后的不良反应进行分析。结果 2015 - 2017年无锡市接种DTaP 、DTaP - IPV - Hib一般反应报告发生率分别为327.67/10万、268.23/10万，异常反应报告发生率分别为19.79/10万、15.58/10万。DTaP和DTaP - IPV - Hib 的一般反应和异常反应均以加强免疫为主，集中在接种后0～1 d。一般反应均主要表现为红肿（80.73%，65.31%）、硬结（45.14%，33.33%）和发热（22.69%，44.22%），异常反应主要表现均以过敏性皮疹为主（58.11%，50%）。结论 DTaP和DTaP - IPV - Hib的不良反应报告发生率无差别，均主要发生在加强免疫期间，具有良好的预防接种安全性。     

Are refugees arriving in Denmark an under-immunised group for measles? A cross-sectional serology study

BackgroundIn 2018, Europe faced the highest number of Measles cases in a decade. In Denmark, the childhood vaccination programme has a coverage of approximately 90%. To eliminate the disease, vaccine coverage needs to be above the herd immunity threshold of 95%. This can be even more difficult to obtain, when vaccination programmes break down due to war, natural disasters etc. and concern has been raised, that unvaccinated refugees could facilitate spread of measles when migrating.MethodsIn order to address this concern, we tested 513 newly arrived refugees and family reunified refugees aged between 0 and 70 years for measles IgG antibodies. The participants were tested as part of a general health assessment between May 2016 and October 2018. In the cohort, 50% were males and the majority came from Syria (55%).ResultsWe found that 85% of the total group of refugees had immunity against measles. The 15% lacking antibodies were evenly distributed between the various countries of origin. Moreover, we found immunity to increase with age, leaving young children most vulnerable to infection, 79.9% (<19 years) vs 89.1% (≥19 years). Interview questions on previous vaccinations did not correlate to serology.ConclusionRefugees have measles immunity slightly lower than the host population.     

UBASH3A gene polymorphisms and expression profile in rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: Recent evidence has demonstrated that UBASH3A play a pivotal role in multiple autoimmune diseases. In this study, we explored the association between UBASH3A gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Chinese Han population. We also comparatively evaluated the UBASH3A expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA and healthy controls.

Methods: Four UBASH3A polymorphisms (rs1893592, rs11203203, rs2277798, and rs3788013) were studied in 553 patients with RA and 587 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using the Fluidigm 192.24 Dynamic Array Integrated Fluidic Circuit (IFC). For gene expression study, UBASH3A mRNA levels of 30 RA patients and 31 healthy individuals were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software.

Results: A significant association between rs1893592 polymorphism and RA was found under all genetic models (all p<.05). We also discovered a significant association between rs3788013 polymorphism and RA in the allele and genotype distributions, as well as the recessive model (all p<.05). Moreover, we found the genotype distribution and allele frequency of rs1893592 were significantly associated with RF phenotype in the RA patients (χ²?=?6.786, p=.034; χ²?=?4.534, p=.033; respectively). We also found the genotype distribution and allele frequency of rs2277798 were significantly associated with anti-CCP phenotype in the RA patients (χ²?=?7.873, p=.020; χ²?=?4.473, p=.034; respectively). However, we did not detect any significant associations between rs11203203 and RA susceptibility and autoantibody profiles (all p>.05). The mRNA expression of UBASH3A was increased in PBMCs of patients with RA when compared to healthy controls (p=.001).

Conclusions: Our observations suggested that the dysregulation of UBASH3A might be associated with the pathogenesis of RA, and UBASH3A gene polymorphisms (rs1893592 and rs3788013) might contribute to RA susceptibility in Chinese Han population.