妊娠高血压疾病剖宫产术不同麻醉方式的临床效果评价

目的比较妊娠高血压疾病剖宫产术不同麻醉方式的临床效果差异,探讨适合的麻醉方法。方法选择2010年1月至2012年12月210例妊娠高血压疾病剖宫产的产妇作为研究对象,根据个体不同的病情给予不同药物进行镇静、解痉、利尿、降血压、改善心功能等治疗,按患者不同血容量或凝血功能状态,对其施行不同的麻醉方式。结果采用单纯硬膜外麻醉30例,腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉170例,静脉麻醉10例;均顺利完成手术。单纯硬膜外麻醉在起效慢,平均(735.34±125.56)s、麻醉效果不满意,总有效83.33%;腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉组低血压发生率较高为17.65%;静脉麻醉组新生儿Apgar评分(8.86±0.50)与其他两组(9.01±0.42)、(8.93±0.42)相比偏低,但无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论腰麻-硬膜外联合在妊娠高血压疾病剖宫产手术中优势明显,是一种较好的麻醉方法,对于各种原因未能成功实施椎管内麻醉及重症产妇,可选择静脉麻醉。     

左心室血栓治疗的系统回顾及meta分析

目的 左心室血栓(left ventricular thrombus, LVT)是多种心脏疾病的并发症,血栓脱落可导致后果严重的体循环栓塞,因此及早治疗LVT极为重要。方法 本文分别从抗凝治疗、溶栓治疗、抗血小板治疗、手术治疗4方面对LVT的治疗进行文献检索。在web of science, Ovid,EMBASE,Pubmed和Cochrane数据库应用“左心室血栓”“新型口服抗凝药”“Xa因子抑制剂”,“NOAC”,“DOAC”,“达比加群”,“利伐沙班”,“依度沙班”,“阿哌沙班”“维生素K拮抗剂”和“华法林”作为主题词进行检索。共25篇文章可用于meta分析以比较新型口服抗凝剂(direct oral anticoagulant,DOAC)与维生素K拮抗剂(vitamin K antagonist,VKA)的治疗效果及不良事件的发生率,对目前可检索到的应用肝素、抗血小板药物、溶栓、手术治疗LVT的文章进行系统回顾。结果 DOAC治疗LVT的出血及卒中事件的发生率、全因死亡率低于VKA,而LVT的消失率、严重出血事件的发生率、出现全身栓塞事件的发生率两种治疗方法差异无统计学意义。...     

Comparison of aggressive versus standard intravenous hydration for clinical improvement among patients with mild acute pancreatitis: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundControversy remains regarding fluid management strategy, optimal volume and rate of intravenous fluid in mild acute pancreatitis. We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare clinical improvement and inflammatory markers between aggressive and standard fluid management.MethodsA single center prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. We randomized patients with a diagnosis of mild acute pancreatitis using revised Atlanta classification in two groups, the aggressive (20 ml/kg bolus followed by 3 ml/kg/hr) and standard (10 ml/kg bolus followed by 1.5 ml/kg/hr) intravenous hydration with Lactated Ringer's solution. Primary outcome was clinical improvement at 24 and 36 hours.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 46 years and 34 patients (77%) were male. The average volumes of fluid during the first 24 hours in aggressive and standard groups was 4886 ml (71 ml/kg) and 3985 ml (53 ml/kg), respectively; p-value 0.002. Aggressive intravenous hydration did not significantly improve clinical outcome compared with standard intravenous hydration (45.45% vs. 31.82%, respectively; p-value 0.353). However, subgroup analysis between patients with obese and non-obese status, revealed aggressive intravenous hydration significantly improved clinical outcome within the first 24 hours in obese group.ConclusionAggressive intravenous hydration with Lactated Ringer's solution did not improve clinical outcome in mild acute pancreatitis but showed statistically significant improvement only in patients with obese status. Future studies should include a larger sample size to confirm these findings.     

Prediction of pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy by virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification (VTIQ) technology

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the stiffness of pancreatic parenchyma and solid focal pancreatic lesions (FPLs) by virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification (VTIQ) technique and to investigate the potential usefulness of VTIQ method in the prediction of post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatectomy.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients who scheduled to undergo pancreatectomy were initially enrolled and received VTIQ assessment within one week before surgery. VTIQ elastography (Siemens ACUSON Sequoia, 5C-1 transducer) was used to measure the shear wave velocity (SWV) value of FPLs and the body part pancreatic parenchyma. The palpation stiffness of pancreas was qualitatively evaluated during operation by surgeons. POPF was finally diagnosed and graded through a three-weeks post-operative follow-up according to international study group of pancreatic fistula (ISGPF). SWV values were compared between POPF positive and negative group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SWV value in predicting POPF.ResultsFrom December 2020 to June 2021, 44 patients were finally enrolled in this study, among which, 26 patients were identified to develop POPF after pancreatectomy. The SWV value of pancreatic parenchyma in POPF positive group was significantly lower than that in POPF negative group (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in palpation stiffness between the two groups (P = 0.124). Besides, neither the SWV value of FPL nor the SWV ratio between FPL to surrounding pancreatic parenchyma differ significantly between POPF positive and negative group (P > 0.05). Taking SWV value of pancreatic parenchyma >1.10 m/s as a cut-off value for predicting POPF, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.864 with 72.2% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, 86.7% positive predictive value (PPV) and 82.8% negative predictive value (NPV), respectively.ConclusionsVTIQ technique might be a potential non-invasive imaging method to predict POPF before pancreatectomy in future clinical practice.     

尾加压素Ⅱ促进大鼠主动脉合成和分泌内皮素1的机制研究

目的 研究尾加压素Ⅱ刺激大鼠主动脉组织产生和分泌内皮素1的作用及其细胞内信号机制.方法 将大鼠主动脉组织薄片和不同浓度尾加压素Ⅱ(10-10～10-7 mol/L)共孵育3 h或6 h,采用放射免疫法测定组织和孵育液中内皮素1含量;向孵育液中加入不同阻断剂,观察对尾加压素Ⅱ诱导内皮素1合成效应的影响,初步探讨尾加压素Ⅱ作用的细胞内机制.结果 尾加压素Ⅱ明显刺激内皮素1的分泌(孵育液含量)和产生(孵育液和组织内皮素1含量总和),呈现时间和浓度依赖性(10-10～10-7 mol/L).孵育3 h后,尾加压素Ⅱ(10-8 mol/L)组内皮素1分泌量较对照组高1.46倍 (P＜0.01),产生总量较对照组高87.9% (P＜0.01);孵育6 h后,尾加压素Ⅱ刺激组(浓度分别为10-10、10-9、10-8 mol/L和10-7 mol/L)内皮素1分泌量分别较对照组增加59.2%,108.0%,159.6%和178.0%,产生总量分别较对照组增加40.6%,68.4%,103.1% 和105.7%(P＜0.01).尾加压素Ⅱ促进内皮素1产生的作用能分别被Ca2 通道阻断剂尼卡地平、蛋白激酶C阻断剂H7、丝裂素活化蛋白激酶抑制剂PD98059、mRNA抑制剂放线菌素D以及蛋白合成抑制剂环磷酰胺所抑制,其中对内皮素1分泌作用的抑制率分别为34.1%,24.5%,32.2%,32.1%和27.6%(P＜0.01),对内皮素1产生总量的抑制率分别为33.5%,31.5%,25.8%,28.0%和36.8%(P＜0.01).结论 尾加压素Ⅱ能够促进主动脉组织合成和分泌内皮素1,该作用可通过Ca2 通道、蛋白激酶C以及丝裂素活化蛋白激酶途径来实现,并提示尾加压素Ⅱ的缩血管等效应有可能通过促进内皮素1的产生来实现.     

Laparoscopically assisted simple suturing obliteration (LASSO) of the internal ring using an epidural needle: A handy single-port laparoscopic herniorrhaphy in children

BackgroundMany different laparoscopic techniques for pediatric inguinal hernia (PIH) have been developed, with a trend toward increasing use of extracorporeal knotting and decreasing use of working ports. Single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure is one of the most simple and reliable methods. We describe our modifications of laparoscopically assisted simple suturing obliteration (LASSO) using an epidural needle with preperitoneal hydrodissection.Materials and methodsTwo hundred and seven patients with PIH were treated with single-port LASSO from February 2010 to July 2013. Under laparoscopic visualization, an 18-gauge epidural needle was inserted at the corresponding point of the internal ring. The hernia defect was obliterated extraperitoneally by a nonabsorbable suture that was introduced into the abdomen on one side and withdrawn on the opposite side in an identical subcutaneous path around the internal ring using the hydrodissection-lasso technique.ResultsA total of 251 PIHs were successfully performed by LASSO, 163 patients had unilateral inguinal hernia repair, and 44 patients underwent repair of bilateral inguinal hernias. Mean operating time for unilateral and bilateral inguinal hernia repairs was 18.1 ± 5.4 min and 26.6 ± 4.8 min, respectively. There were no perioperative complications. Only one recurrence was observed to date.ConclusionsLASSO using an epidural needle with preperitoneal hydrodissection as a handy technique has proved to be a safe and effective procedure. It is easy to perform with high parent satisfaction, invisible scarring, and good cosmetic results, and therefore is a worthy choice for PIH.     

Nerve and tendon injury with percutaneous fibular pinning: A cadaveric study

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to measure the average distance from a percutaneous pin in each quadrant of the distal fibula to the sural nerve and nearest peroneal tendon, and define the safe zone for percutaneous pin placement as would be used during surgery.MethodTen fresh-frozen cadavers underwent percutaneous pin fixation into four quadrants of the distal fibula. The sural nerve and peroneal tendon were identified as they coursed around the lateral ankle. Distances from the K-wire in each quadrant to the anatomic structure of interest were measured.ResultsAverage distances (mm) from the K-wire to the sural nerve in the anterolateral, anteromedial, posterolateral, and posteromedial quadrants were 19.1 ± 8.9 (range, 5.1–35.5), 12.8 ± 8.2 (range, 0.3–27.8), 12.6 ± 6.8 (range, 3.0–27.8), and 5.9 ± 5.5 (range, 0.1–19.9), respectively. Average distances from the K-wire to the nearest peroneal tendon in the anterolateral, anteromedial, posterolateral, and posteromedial quadrants were 15.7 ± 4.4 (range, 9.5–23.1), 11.9 ± 5.2 (range, 3.2–21.7), 6.3 ± 3.9 (range, 0.1–14.4), and 1.0 ± 1.6 (range, 0–5.6), respectively.ConclusionsPercutaneous pinning of distal fibula fractures is a successful treatment option with minimal complications. Our anatomical study found the safe zone of percutaneous pin placement to be in the anterolateral quadrant. The sural nerve can be as close as 5.1 mm and the peroneal tendons as near as 15.7 mm. In contrast, the posteromedial quadrant was associated with the greatest risk of injury to both the sural nerve and peroneal tendons.     

Inhibition of GSK-3β alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation through autophagy

The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has a critical role in cerebral ischemic injury, and autophagy is related to activation of the inflammasome under oxidative stress conditions. However, it is unclear how NLRP3 inflammasome activation is regulated. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) emerged as an important risk factor for brain ischemia reperfusion injury, and GSK-3β inhibits autophagic activity in many diseases. In this study, we examined whether NLRP3 inflammasome-derived inflammation could be ameliorated by GSK-3β inhibition in a cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model and assessed whether autophagy is involved in this process. To establish ischemic reperfusion injury, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats. A chemical inhibitor (SB216763) and GSK-3β siRNA were used to suppress GSK-3β activation and GSK-3β expression in vivo. The results demonstrated that SB216763 and GSK-3β siRNA improved neurological scores, reduced cerebral infarct volume, and decreased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. Inhibiting GSK-3β activation enhanced autophagic activity (ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I and p62/SQSTM1), whereas treating with an autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) abrogated the inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation after GSK-3β inhibition. These results suggest that inhibiting GSK-3β downregulates NLRP3 inflammasome expression by increasing autophagic activity in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. GSK-3β might be an attractive specific target and that it functions by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.     

Risk-based,response-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma in the modern chemotherapy era: A China Lymphoma Collaborative Group study

We aimed to determine the survival benefits of chemotherapy (CT) added to radiotherapy (RT) in different risk groups of patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), and to investigate the risk of postponing RT based on induction CT responses. A total of 1360 patients who received RT with or without new-regimen CT from 20 institutions were retrospectively reviewed. The patients had received RT alone, RT followed by CT (RT + CT), or CT followed by RT (CT + RT). The patients were stratified into different risk groups using the nomogram-revised risk index (NRI). A comparative study was performed using propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis. Adding new-regimen CT to RT (vs RT alone) significantly improved overall survival (OS, 73.2% vs 60.9%, P < .001) and progression-free survival (PFS, 63.5% vs 54.2%, P < .001) for intermediate-risk/high-risk patients, but not for low-risk patients. For intermediate-risk/high-risk patients, RT + CT and CT + RT resulted in non-significantly different OS (77.7% vs 72.4%; P = .290) and PFS (67.1% vs 63.1%; P = .592). For patients with complete response (CR) after induction CT, initiation of RT within or beyond three cycles of CT resulted in similar OS (78.2% vs 81.7%, P = .915) and PFS (68.2% vs 69.9%, P = .519). For patients without CR, early RT resulted in better PFS (63.4% vs 47.6%, P = .019) than late RT. Risk-based, response-adapted therapy involving early RT combined with CT is a viable, effective strategy for intermediate-risk/high-risk early-stage patients with ENKTCL in the modern treatment era.