Arthopor 2 acetabular component with screw fixation in primary hip arthroplasty: A 7- to 9-year follow-up study

The first 100 consecutive primary hip arthroplasties with the Arthopor 2 acetabular component (Joint Medical Products, Stamford, CT) with supplemental screw fixation performed by the senior author were prospectively studied. The mean patient age was 57 years. Seventy-seven cemented and 23 cementless stems were placed, with 32-mm femoral heads used in most of the patients. Eighty-six hips were reviewed at 7–8.8 years (mean, 7.8 years). The mean Harris hip score at final follow-up evaluation was 94 points. No cups have been revised, although 2 cups in patients with radiation osteonecrosis were loose radiographically. One patient underwent revision of a severely worn liner. Despite a relatively high mean linear wear rate of 0.27 mm/y (range, 0.13–0.57 mm/y), no radiographic evidence of pelvic osteolysis was seen. The Arthopor 2 cup performed well with respect to pelvic osteolysis, despite the presence of substantial polyethylene debris. The relatively high polyethylene wear rate is attributed in part to the younger patient population and the use of 32-mm femoral heads paired with thin polyethylene liners.     

DNA损伤在衰老相关疾病中的研究进展

DNA损伤是衰老相关疾病领域的研究热点,可引起细胞周期停滞、凋亡,加快个体衰老速度、增加衰老相关疾病的患病风险。本文将从细胞衰老和个体衰老两个层面阐述其与衰老之间的研究进展,并综述其与衰老常见相关疾病(肿瘤、心血管疾病、阿尔茨海默病)及早衰综合征的关系,为抗衰老研究和临床干预衰老相关疾病提供理论依据。     

Midwifery care for women with human immunodeficiency virus disease in pregnancy: A demonstration project at the Johns Hopkins Hospital

Nurse-midwives at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, in conjunction with their colleagues in obstetrics, pediatrics, and infectious disease, are participating in a demonstration project designed to provide continuity of care for women with HIV disease in pregnancy. In the past 19 months, 73 women have been enrolled in the project. This article describes how the midwifery model of care has been integrated into the existing system of routine obstetric care and specialized HIV-related care at the institution. This project could serve as a model for others who are redesigning health care delivery systems to include more nurse-midwives, especially those who are trying to adapt to an ever-increasing number of women experiencing some phase of HIV disease during their pregnancy. A companion article explains the midwifery and medical protocols used in the project and discusses other clinically relevant issues.     

Effect of bupranolol on CGP 12177-induced relaxation and cAMP accumulation in the guinea pig taenia caecum

• 1.1. The effect of bupranolol on CGP 12177-induced relaxation and cAMP accumulation in the guinea pig taenia caecum was examined.
• 2.2. The relaxant response to CGP 12177 was unaffected by propranolol (∼10⁻⁶ M), whereas that to CGP 12177 was antagonized in a concentration-dependent manner by bupranolol; Schild plot of the data revealed the pA₂ value of 5.61.
• 3.3. CGP 12177 significantly increased cyclic AMP level in this preparation. Bupranolol (10⁻⁴ M) significantly decreased the cyclic AMP level that was elicited by CGP 12177, whereas propranolol (10⁻⁵ M) produced no effect.
• 4.4. These results suggest that bupranolol appears to be an efficient β₃-antagonist in the guinea pig taenia caecum and confirm that the response to CGP 12177 is mediated by β₃-adrenoceptors.

     

The cost of Alzheimer's disease in China and re-estimation of costs worldwide

Introduction

The socioeconomic costs of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China and its impact on global economic burden remain uncertain.

Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on the myelin sheath ultrastructure of myelinated fibers in the white matter of middle‐aged ovariectomized rats

The effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ORT) on white matter and the myelin sheath ultrastructure in the white matter of middle‐aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats were investigated in this study. Middle‐aged rats were ovariectomized and divided into a placebo replacement (OVX + O) group and an estrogen replacement (OVX + E) group. Then, the Morris water maze, electron microscope techniques, and stereological methods were used to investigate the effects of ORT on spatial learning capacity, white matter volume and the myelin sheath ultrastructure in the white matter. We found that the spatial learning capacity of the OVX + E rats was significantly improved compared with that of the OVX + O rats. When compared with that of OVX + O rats, the total volume of the myelin sheaths in the white matter of the OVX + E rats was significantly increased by 27%, and the difference between the outer perimeter and inner perimeter of the myelin sheaths of the white matter in the OVX + E rats increased significantly by 12.6%. The myelinated fibers with mean diameters of 1.2–1.4 μm were significantly longer (46.1%) in the OVX + E rats; the difference between the mean diameter of myelinated fibers and the mean diameter of axons (0–0.4 μm) was significantly increased by 21.6% in the OVX + E rats. These results suggested that ORT had positive protective effects on the spatial learning ability and on the myelin sheath ultrastructure in the white matter of middle‐aged OVX rats.     

A Dose-Response Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Stroke According to Nonhealth Status in Central China: A Population-based Epidemiology Survey

Purpose: The aim was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and stroke according to nonhealth status among adults in Central China. Methods: A total of 18,670 participants were selected by stratified multistage random sampling method in Henan province during 2013-2015. Restricted cubic splines and logistic regression were used to calculate the association between sleep duration and stroke. Results: Sleep duration showing a J-shaped dose-response association with risk of stroke among the Chinese adults in the study. The respective percentages of stroke were 6.2%, 5.6%, 3.5%, 4.5%, 5.6%, and 9.2% for those whose sleep duration less than 6 h/day, 6∼7 h/day, 7∼8 h/day, 8∼9 h/day, 9∼10 h/day, and more than or equal to 10 h/day. Compared with sleep duration of 7∼8 h/day, the risk of stroke increased by 37% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8%, 73%) and 63% (95% CI: 30%, 104%) for those whose sleep duration were 9∼10 h/day and more than or equal to 10 h/day. The correlations between sleep durations and stroke seemed to be stronger in men than women. Stroke was associated with shorter sleep duration in ageing 60-88 years, instead of 18-59 years. The correlation between sleep duration and stroke was statistically significant at lower education level. Furthermore, the risk of stroke was slightly higher in urban residents than rural residents. Conclusions: In summary, a J-shaped dose-response association between sleep duration and stroke was found among the adults in Central China. Furthermore, people who were male, older, less educated and living in urban areas had a higher risk of stroke.     

Differential expression of microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease brain,blood, and cerebrospinal fluid

IntroductionSeveral microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but the evidence from individual case-control studies remains inconclusive.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed, followed by standardized multistage data extraction, quality control, and meta-analyses on eligible data for brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Results were compared with miRNAs reported in the abstracts of eligible studies or recent qualitative reviews to assess novelty.ResultsData from 147 independent data sets across 107 publications were quantitatively assessed in 461 meta-analyses. Twenty-five, five, and 32 miRNAs showed studywide significant differential expression (α < 1·08 × 10⁻⁴) in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-derived specimens, respectively, with 5 miRNAs showing differential expression in both brain and blood. Of these 57 miRNAs, 13 had not been reported in the abstracts of previous original or review articles.DiscussionOur systematic assessment of differential miRNA expression is the first of its kind in Alzheimer's disease and highlights several miRNAs of potential relevance.