Anatomic measurement of the depth and location of the sublingual fossa

The purpose of this study was to measure the depth and location of the sublingual fossa, a potential site of sublingual bleeding/lingual cortical perforation during endosseous implant placement in the mandibular interforaminal region (MIR), to clarify anatomical variation. Using the mandibles of 37 Japanese cadavers, the lingual depth (LD) between the lingual surface and the line perpendicular to the inferior margin of the mandible (IMM), as well as the vertical distance (VD) between the lingual surface and the IMM or the mental foramen (MF) level, were measured at defined points and lines within the MIR. The definite sublingual fossa (SF) was identified by the LD (≥1.0 mm) and the VD, and the depth and location of the SF were determined. The depth ranged between 1.0 mm and 5.8 mm, and the vertical location ranged between 9.2 mm and 15.7 mm from the IMM and between 2.2 mm and 6.1 mm from the MF level. These results revealed certain tendencies in the depth and location of the SF but the variation was substantial. The SF should be identified in each case as accurately as possible by CT before implant placement in the MIR to minimize the risk of the potential complications.     

Évaluation de la trousse testostérone VIDAS™ bioMérieux,comparaison avec les trousses Elecsys™ et Immunotech™

We evaluated, in an analytical way, the direct testosterone assay VIDAS, using the ELFA technique (Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay), and compared the results obtained with those of two different techniques: an electrochemiluminescent assay (Elecsys) and a manual radioimmunoassay (Immunotech). Two hundred and ten serum samples, including samples of 40 healthy subjects, addressed to the laboratory for a testosterone assay, were tested. The repeatability of the VIDAS testosterone assay and its reproducibility were satisfactory. The analytical detection limit was found at 0.025 ng ml^–1. The results obtained using VIDAS and the mass spectrometry method (ID-GCMS) were very well correlated. Concerning the sera of healthy men and women, we retrieved the reference interval given by the manufacturer. Among the 210 sera, 7 were classified as originating from “hirsute women” and we found, as expected, an increase in the testosterone concentration, as well as with the two other kits. The VIDAS assay gives results well correlated with Elecsys values, but a little less well with the Immunotech technique. The interpretation of the results of women sera remains delicate, in particular in the event of treated patients.     

Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) affects a significant number of patients undergoing ambulatory surgery, with important morbidity and cost implications. Patients undergoing gynecologic procedures are at particular risk for this problem. A majority of studies examining both gynecologic and nongynecologic surgical candidates suggest that some type of antiemetic prophylaxis may be useful in reducing the incidence of PONV, although the ideal regimen has yet to be determined.     

Study on the Sensitivity Indicators by Sandstorm PM<Subscript>10</Subscript> Exposure

Objective

PM₁₀ is one of the typical pollutants involved with sandstorm. More and more attentions on the sensitive bio-marks by PM₁₀ exposure are attracted. This study is to probe the sensitivities indicators’ levels by sandstorm PM₁₀ exposure.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involving administration on a survey 150 residents in Erlianhaote was performed. PM₁₀ concentrations collected on a daily basis from the local monitor stations from March to June, 2016 were employed as the daily environmental exposure levels (DEEL). Indicators of IGM, CRP, CC16, IL16, IGA, LGG, IGE and IL8 were assayed, as well as questionnaire for individual disease histories were done.

Results

Results indicated that PM₁₀ exposure level was positively related to IGG, IGM, IGA, LGG and CRP, age was positively related to CRP and LGG, and history of cardiovascular disease was related to CRP by multi-factor line regression analysis. Further analysis revealed that levels of IGG (p<0.01) and IGM (p<0.05) increased in the group with PM₁₀ DEEL exceeded 200 μg/m³, compared to the group with the average exposure levels less than 200 μg/m³; while levels of IGM (p<0.05), IGA (p<0.05), LGG (p<0.05) and CRP (p<0.01) were found higher in the group with PM₁₀ DEEL exceed 300 μg/m³, compare to the group with the levels less than 300 μg/m³.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that sandstorm PM₁₀ exposure might contribute to the changes of some immune and inflammation index. These findings provide clinical indicators for the sandstorm PM₁₀ exposure and help to understand the risk of sandstorm pollution.

     

大气细颗粒物对动脉粥样硬化影响的研究进展

介绍了近年来国内外大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)促进动脉粥样硬化发生发展的流行病学和毒理学研究进展。通过对关键指标的提炼汇总,为相关领域研究者全面掌握该领域现阶段研究全貌和未来研究趋势,并为选择下一步研究方向提供参考和依据。     

Expression of Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter mRNA in the inner ear of the rat

We have demonstrated the cellular localization of Na⁺/myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT) mRNA in the rat inner ear by in situ hybridization. In the cochlea, the most intense SMIT mRNA signals were observed in fibrocytes of the spiral ligament, moderate signals were found in the spiral limbus, inner hair cells and spiral ganglion cells, while the hybridization signals were almost undetectable in the marginal cells of the stria vascularis and outer hair cells. In the vestibular system, moderate hybridization signals were found in the sensory epithelium, fibrocytes and vestibular ganglion cells. These findings suggest that SMIT plays an important role in maintenance of intracellular ionic balance and cell volume in the inner ear, especially in the fibrocytes associated with generation of the ion gradients between the endolymph and perilymph.     

Microcystin in source water: pollution characteristics and human health risk assessment

Frequent cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic waters produce a variety of toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are seriously harmful to waterbodies and human health. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the MC-LR concentration in drinking water sources in seven river basins in China were investigated in this study. The removal rate of MC-LR in the purification process of water treatment plants and the human health risk of MC-LR in drinking water are also discussed. The results show that the detection frequency of MC-LR in source water was 55.46% and its concentration ranged from 0.06 × 10⁻³ to 52 × 10⁻³ μg L⁻¹ (mean of 12.47 × 10⁻³ μg L⁻¹), which are both below China''s drinking water quality standard for algal toxins. The MC-LR concentration in lakes and reservoirs was higher than that in rivers, and exhibited an obvious spatiotemporal variation. The mean removal rate of MC-LR varied with river basin, and was also slightly higher for the advanced water treatment process (97.46%) in comparison to that of the conventional process (96.74%). The concentration of MC-LR in 8.26% of treated water samples was higher than that of raw water, thus indicating that MC-LR may be further released during the purification process. The risk index of MC-LR in treated water samples ranged from 2.29 × 10⁻³ to 8.40 × 10⁻³ (mean of 4.73 × 10⁻³), which corresponded to an extremely low level of risk. However, intensive monitoring should still be carried out in some high-concentration watersheds during the summer to ensure the safety of public drinking water.

Frequent cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic waters produce a variety of toxins such as microcystins (MCs), which are seriously harmful to waterbodies and human health.