麻疹IgG抗体定量检测酶联免疫吸附试验试剂的比较和评价

目的对目前中国市场上已有的两种麻疹IgG抗体定量检测酶联免疫吸附试验（Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay,ELISA）试剂（德国Virion／Serion试剂和德国IBL试剂）进行比较和评价,筛选适用于2006年全国人群麻疹血清流行病学调查的试剂。方法以蚀斑减少中和试验（Plague Reduction Neutralization Test,PRNT）的检测结果为“金标准”,分别用两种ELISA试剂检测52份麻疹IgG抗体组合血清,然后对试剂的定性和定量能力进行全面分析和评价。结果两种ELISA试剂均能正确的将13份PRNT结果为阴性的血清判定为阴性,特异度均为100％。两种试剂中,Virion／Serion试剂的敏感度为94．9％,与PRNT结果的相关性Kappa值为0．902,相关系数为0．878（P〈0．01）;IBL试剂敏感性为58．8％,与PRNT结果的相关性Kappa值为0．441,相关性系数为0．850（P〈0．01）。结论Virion／Serion试剂的特异性、敏感性较好,有单孔IgG抗体定量能力,价格适中,适于在自动化工作平台工作站中开展大规模血清样本的检测。     

防控甲型H1N1流感要有较长时期的思想准备

最近曾光教授提出针对甲型H1N1流感要做好秋季流感大流行的准备.WHO官员也提出警告,对流感疫情不要盲目乐观.甲型H1N1流感正在继续传播,存在巨大不确定因素.     

人感染猪流感

通常猪流感病毒是指在猪群中流行的流感病毒,或从病毒基因进化分析上类似于以往分离的猪流感病毒.1930年Shope和Lemis[1]首次从猪体内分离出流感病毒.1974年Smith等[2]从人体肺组织中分离出猪流感病毒,初次证实猪流感可以跨越种属屏障感染人.自1958年12月至2009年2月,全球共报道至少60例人感染猪流感病例[3,4],多数为散发病例.     

Prevalence and Related Risk Behaviors of HIV, Syphilis, and Anal HPV Infection Among Men who have Sex with Men from Beijing, China

Specific risk behaviors related to different sexually transmitted infections have not been widely evaluated among men who have sex with men in China. In the present study, a total of 302 MSM were recruited from Beijing with a prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and anal HPV infection as 9.9, 19.2 and 71.4%, respectively. Lower education level was observed to be related to higher infection rate of HIV and syphilis. “Ever found sexual partners in gay venues” was significantly associated with HIV infection as well. “Taking anilinction as regular sexual behavior” was observed to be a significant predictor for anal HPV infection.     

100例重症社区获得性肺炎住院儿童的病毒病原学分析

目的了解重症社区获得性肺炎(CAP)儿童中常见呼吸道病毒的流行特征。方法收集2007年9月至2008年8月诊断为重症CAP的住院患儿鼻咽抽吸物标本100份,采用RT-PCR方法检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、鼻病毒(HRV)、流感病毒A(IFVA)、流感病毒B(IFVB)、副流感病毒1～3(PIV1～3)、偏肺病毒(hMPV)、冠状病毒NL63(HCoV-NL63)及冠状病毒HKU1(HCoV-HKU1),PCR方法检测腺病毒(ADV)、博卡病毒(HBoV),巢式PCR方法检测多瘤病毒WU(WUPyV)和多瘤病毒KI(KIPyV),并对阳性标本进行基因测序以证实。结果 100份重症CAP住院患儿鼻咽抽吸物标本中病毒总检出例数为82例(82.0%),其中RSV检出率最高,为37.0%,其次为HBoV 25.0%和HRV 18.0%。病毒总检出率在男女之间差异无统计学意义;HBoV阳性检出率女性高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他病毒检出率男女比较差异无统计学意义。阳性检出率在各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.676,P<0.01),尤以0～6月龄组检出率最高。病毒总检出率在四季分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.729,P=0.021),以秋冬季检出率最高。有2种及以上病毒协同感染率为32.0%,RSV的协同感染率最高,依次是HBoV、HRV、PIV-3。结论病毒感染是重症CAP患儿的重要病因,其中RSV是最常见病毒病原,其次为HBoV和HRV;病毒检出率以0～6月龄组最高;秋冬季病毒总检出率高于其他季节;且病毒协同感染率较高。     

Genotyping of 11 human papillomaviruses by multiplex PCR with a GeXP analyzer

A new, rapid, and high-throughput method was developed for simultaneous detection of 11 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes including nine high-risk types (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 52, 58, and 66) and two low-risk types (HPV6 and 11) in a single tube by multiplex PCR based on a GenomeLab Gene Expression Profiler (GeXP) analyzer (GeXP-PCR). Eleven sets of chimeric primers were used to initiate the PCR, and one pair of universal primers was used for the subsequent cycles of the PCR. The specificity of GeXP-PCR for each HPV type was examined with clinical samples of single type HPV infection tested previously. The sensitivity of GeXP-PCR was evaluated by performing the assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of cloned PCR products. The GeXP-PCR achieved a sensitivity of 100 copies when all of the 11 pre-mixed plasmids containing HPV targets were present. Analyses of 124 clinical specimens using the GeXP-PCR demonstrated that the GeXP-PCR assay had comparable sensitivity and specificity to those of reported multiple PCR assay and an increased detection of HPV 11 in samples with mixed infections. In conclusion, the GeXP-PCR is a fast, sensitive, and high throughput method for the detection of multiple HPV infections.     

冰冻切片染色法观察重组狂犬病病毒对乳鼠脑的感染和定位

目的冰冻切片染色法观察重组狂犬病病毒对乳鼠脑的感染和定位。方法将本实验室构建并拯救成功的人用狂犬病疫苗株重组病毒（CTN—GFP）脑内接种1日龄乳鼠和4周龄成年鼠,待感染乳鼠发病后至濒死期,通过心内灌流方法固定并制作脑组织冰冻切片,观察重组病毒在感染鼠的大脑海马组织中的绿色荧光蛋白的表达及分布。结果DAPI将所制作的冰冻切片中脑组织内细胞的胞核染成蓝色,在共聚焦显微镜下观察到受感染乳鼠的脑组织海马回位置有大量绿色荧光蛋白的表达。结论通过制作脑组织冰冻切片的方法可以清楚的观察到病毒的感染及其在海马回中的位置,同时为追踪病毒在体内的移行过程提供了一种新方法。     

Human bocavirus infection in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou,China

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a recognized human parvovirus associated with acute respiratory tract infection. However, HBoV has yet to be established as a causative agent of respiratory disease. In this study, the epidemiological and virological characteristics of HBoV infection were studied in children with acute respiratory tract infection in China. In total, 406 children younger than 14 years of age with acute respiratory tract infection were included in this prospective 1‐year study. HBoV was detected in 29 (7.1%) of the 406 children. No clear seasonal fluctuation was observed in infection rates of HBoV. Of the 29 children infected with HBoV, 16 (55.2%) were coinfected with other respiratory viruses, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Viral coinfection with HBoV did not affect the severity of the respiratory disease (P = 0.291). The number of HBoV genome copies ranged from 5.80 × 10² to 9.72 × 10⁸ copies/ml in nasopharyngeal aspirates among HBoV‐positive specimens by real‐time PCR, and neither coinfection nor the severity of disease correlated with the viral load (P = 0.148, P = 0.354, respectively). The most common clinical features were cough and acute upper respiratory infection, and acute bronchopneumonia. Additionally, the NP‐1 gene of HBoV showed minimal sequence variation. These data suggest that HBoV is frequent in young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou, China, and RSV is the most common coinfecting virus. There was no apparent association between the viral load of HBoV and coinfection or disease severity. The NP‐1 gene was highly conserved in HBoV. J. Med. Virol. 82:282–288, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.