Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase promotes the regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy in normal and icteric rats

The role of leukotriene (LT) on liver regeneration after hepatectomy is still unknown. LTB4 stagnates in the liver with obstructive jaundice, because LTB4 is excreted in the bile; therefore, LTB4 may have an effect on liver regeneration after hepatectomy with obstructive jaundice. Release of obstructive jaundice and simultaneous 70% hepatectomy was performed in rats to study the effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA-861) on liver regeneration. Group 1 underwent hepatectomy with administration of 0.1 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), group 2 underwent hepatectomy with administration of AA-861 (20 mg/kg/d) dissolved in 0.1 mL DMSO, group 3 underwent hepatectomy with administration of AA-861 (40 mg/kg/d) dissolved in 0.1 mL DMSO, group 4 underwent release of obstructive jaundice and hepatectomy with administration of 0.1 mL DMSO, and group 5 underwent relief of obstructive jaundice and hepatectomy with administration of AA-861 (20 mg/kg/d). DMSO or AA-861 was administered 24 hours before, during, and 24 hours after hepatectomy in each group. Whole blood LTB4 and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (LI) were measured before and after hepatectomy. The LTB4 level increased during obstructive jaundice and after hepatectomy. LTB4 and serum ALT levels were significantly lower after hepatectomy in the rats that were administered AA-861, and a significantly higher LI was observed at 24 hours after hepatectomy in rats receiving AA-861. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase promotes liver regeneration and decreases hepatocyte injury after hepatectomy associated with obstructive jaundice. (Hepatology 1996 Mar;23(3):544-8)     

Carvedilol attenuates CPB-induced apoptosis in dog heart: regulation

Objective To evaluate the effects of Carvedilol on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced myocardiocyte apoptosis and its effect on regulation of Fas, FasL expression, caspase-3 activity and oxidative stress in the left ventricle (LV) in this setting.Methods Ten adult dogs undergoing conventional hypothermic CPB were randomly divided into control and Carvedilol treated groups (n=5, respectively). Dogs in Carvedilol treated group 3 μg·min-1·kg-1 received a bolus of Carvedilol (1 mg/kg) intravenously and a maintenance dosage of Carvedilol for 3 hours after the reperfusion of the heart. Dogs in control group received no carvediolol. LV samples were obtained before, during and 3 hours after CPB. In situ nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique was used to detect the apoptotic cells. The expressions of Fas and FasL were detected immunohistochemically and quantified by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The activity of caspase-3 enzyme and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured by cleavage of Z-DEVD-AMC substrate and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method, respectively. Results Before and during CPB, all the parameters were not significantly different between groups (P>0.05). After CPB, these parameters in both groups were significantly elevated compared with those of before and during CPB (P<0.028, respectively). However, the number of apoptotic cells in Carvedilol treated group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group (P<0.021). The expressions of Fas and FasL were significantly downregulated by Carvedilol (P<0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The caspase-3 activity and the content of MDA in the Carvedilol treated group was also significantly reduced (P<0.026 and 0.005, respectively). Conclusions Carvedilol significantly reduces CPB-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in dog hearts and the reduction of cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with downregulation of Fas and FasL expression, inhibition of caspase-3 activity and oxidative stress in LV.     

中叶素对糖尿病大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察中叶素(IMD)对糖尿病大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法健康雄性SD大鼠74只,给予适应性饲养一周后,随机分为糖尿病组(50只)和非糖尿病组(24只),非糖尿病组给予枸橼酸缓冲液腹腔注射,糖尿病组通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病模型。阻断大鼠左冠状动脉前降支制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。非糖尿病组24只大鼠随机分为对照组和缺血再灌注组(NIR组),糖尿病组50只大鼠成功建立糖尿病模型为36只,随后随机分为糖尿病对照组、糖尿病缺血再灌注组(DIR组)、IMD组,每组12只。光镜观察心肌细胞的形态变化,电镜观察心脏超微结构,TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡率,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达量。结果光镜下可观察到NIR组、DIR组心肌细胞损伤变化比相应对照组更趋于严重,IMD组心肌细胞变性坏死的程度较糖尿病缺血再灌注组明显减轻。电镜下NIR组和DIR组心肌细胞损伤较相应对照组严重,IMD组心肌组织的超微结构特别是线粒体损伤与DIR组比较明显减轻。NIR组和DIR组心肌细胞凋亡率明显高于相应的对照组(P0.05),IMD组心肌细胞凋亡率则较NIR组明显减少(P0.05)。NIR组和DIR组Caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白表达量均与相应对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),IMD组心肌组织Caspase-3、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白表达量与DIR组相比差异也具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论IMD对糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其保护作用可能与IMD减少心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

Simvastatin Alleviates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Modulating Omi/HtrA2 Signaling Pathways

PurposeThe objective of this research was to survey the therapeutic action of simvastatin (Sim) on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (II/RI) by modulating Omi/HtrA2 signaling pathways.MethodsSprague Dawley rats were pretreated with 40 mg/kg Sim and then subjected to 1 hour of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion. The blood and intestinal tissues were collected, pathologic injury was observed, the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin–6 (IL–6) were estimated, and superoxide dismutase, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase–3 (caspase–3) levels, as well as the expressions of Omi/HtrA2 and caspase–3, were measured in the intestinal tissues.ResultsSim preconditioning mitigated the damnification of intestinal tissues by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, and apoptosis and downregulating the expression of Omi/HtrA2 compared to the ischemia/reperfusion group, while Sim+Ucf–101 significantly augmented this effect.ConclusionThese results suggest that Sim may alleviate intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating Omi/HtrA2 signaling pathways.