Should sleep EEG record always be performed after sleep deprivation?

Sleep deprivation (SD) is a known activator of epileptiform EEG activity in patients with epilepsy. In the workup of these patients, EEG recordings are performed following SD both in the awake state and during sleep. The latter significantly increases the duration and the cost of the examination; the specific yield of sleep tracing in single-session wake-sleep record after SD has not been evaluated in adult patients. Our study tried to answer this question, analyzing consecutive recordings of 76 adult patients who has an epileptiform abnormality in the SD record. Thirty-five of the patients were treated with antiepileptic drugs at the same time of the study.After SD of 24–26 h, 1000–1500 mg of chloral hydrate were administered; an 18-channel standard awake EEG was performed, followed by 30 min sleep recording. Epileptiform activity was recorded in the wake part only in 7(9%, 3 focal, 4 generalized); in 39 (51%) the activity was seen in both awake and sleep parts (21 focal, 5 focal with secondary generalization and 13 generalized); and in 30 (40%) it was found in the sleep part only (23 focal, 1 focal with secondary generalization and 6 generalized). Whenever epileptiform activity was apparent in both parts of the recording, its configuration and localization were identical in the sleep and the awake EEGs. This phenomenon was observed in both treated and untreated patients.In combined wake-sleep recording following SD in adults, sleep tracing may reveal epileptiform activity not demonstrated during the preceding wake EEG. However, if epileptiform activity appears already in the wake recording, subsequent sleep tracing may be redundant.     

Response of thermoluminescent dosimeter CaF2:Dy to ionizing and non-ionizing radiations

Thermoluminescent dosimeter CaF₂:Dy or TLD-200 was studied for its response to both gamma-ray ionizing radiation and u.v. non-ionizing radiation. Emphasis was placed on high temperature treatment. For gamma-ray irradiation, heat treatment is limited to 400°C; beyond that the sensitivity of CaF₂:Dy decreases. However, for u.v. irradiation, high-temperature treatment at 900°C is required for CaF₂:Dy to become an intrinsic dosimeter. Major studies involve TL output, changes in peak height of glow curves, optical density changes after high temperature treatment, and reproducibility.     

Tetracosactrin vs. methylprednisolone in the prevention of emesis in patients receiving FEC regimen for breast cancer

0.5 mg tetracosactrin is considered to be equivalent to 40 mg methylprednisolone with regard to the induced cortisol secretion. 97 female breast cancer patients who received their first two FEC courses (epirubicin 50–75 mg/m², 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m², cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m²) entered this randomised crossover study (76 had previously received an adjuvant treatment); tetracosactrin was administered intramuscularly and methylprednisolone intravenously immediately before chemotherapy administration. The tolerability was evaluated using a diary card during 5 days and patients were asked for their preference at the end of the two cycles. There was no difference either for vomiting (dry heaves were included) or nausea between the two treatments (the analysis was performed on day 1, the worse day of days 2 and 3 and the worse day of days 4 and 5). At day 1, 49% of the patients experienced no or mild nausea after tetracosactrin and 62% after methylprednisolone (not significant) (first period analysis); a complete control of vomiting (including dry heaves) was observed in 49% of the patients after tetracosactrin and 53% after methylprednisolone (not significant). No difference was observed between patients with or without previous chemotherapy. However, slightly more patients preferred tetracosactrin (P = 0.048).     

危重新生儿长三角一体化转运的实践与思考

目的总结分析长三角地区危重新生儿转运工作。方法回顾分析2016年至2019年上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院在长三角地区危重新生儿的转运及转归情况。结果共转运3508例新生儿,其中转运危重新生儿居前3位的分别为先天性心脏病、新生儿肺炎和新生儿黄疸;转运新生儿中痊愈2.48%,好转90.13%,自动出院6.7%,死亡0.68%。结论长三角地区危重新生儿转运亟需建立一体化协作网络。     

转录因子FOXP2调控先天性巨结肠相关基因表达的生物信息学分析

目的鉴定与肠神经系统发育以及先天性巨结肠(HSCR)发生相关的转录因子。方法运用ChEA3数据库对调控HSCR易感基因表达的转录因子进行预测以及富集分析,使用GeneMANIA在线工具构建转录因子与靶基因的蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络图,探讨其可能调控的分子通路,以Human Protein Atlas数据库对转录因子进行蛋白表达定位,探究其在神经系统和结肠的表达情况。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,验证相关转录因子在30例HSCR患儿的狭窄段和扩张段肠管标本中的表达差异。结果用ChEA3数据库对已报道的119个HSCR易感基因的转录因子预测及富集分析发现,FOXP2可以靶向作用于其中46个基因。在GeneMANIA数据库中分析显示FOXP2可能调控多个HSCR易感基因的表达,与Hedgehog通路的GLI3共表达,与PTCH1存在遗传相互作用。Human Protein Atlas数据库分析显示,FOXP2蛋白在脑神经元细胞和结肠组织中高表达。30例HSCR患儿中位年龄为1岁,其中男23例、女7例,荧光定量PCR结果显示,FOXP2的mRNA表达量在病变组织较临近正常组织下降,差异有统计学意义(t=5.819,P0.001)。结论 FOXP2可能通过调控Hedgehog信号通路,影响肠神经细胞发育过程,与HSCR的发病相关。     

小儿肠衰竭治疗策略研究进展

小儿肠衰竭可致肠道消化、吸收、运动或分泌功能不足,不能满足儿童正常生长发育的需求,导致严重的水电解质失衡、营养不良等危及生命的临床后果。营养支持、并发症防治可大大地改善肠衰竭患儿的预后。文章综述了小儿肠衰竭的治疗进展。     

造血干细胞移植治疗黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型代谢指标分析

目的从实验室代谢指标探讨黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型患儿造血干细胞移植治疗后的疗效。方法回顾分析23例男性黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型患儿造血干细胞移植治疗年龄及治疗前后外周血白细胞艾杜糖醛酸-2-硫酸酯酶(IDS)活性、尿黏多糖(GAG)定性和电泳结果变化。结果 23例男性患儿,移植中位年龄为4.5岁(1.75～12岁)。移植前23例患儿IDS活性均显著低于正常值;移植后100天,90.9%(20/22)患儿IDS活性达到正常值;至移植后2年,100%(9/9)患儿IDS活性达到正常值;移植2年后,患儿IDS活性稳定于正常值范围。移植后2年内患儿IDS活性数值变化差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。移植后100天即有53.3%(8/15)患儿尿GAG含量较移植前下降。截止到资料收集时间,75.0%(15/20)患儿移植后尿GAG含量较移植前下降,但仅2例(10.0%,2/20)患儿移植后尿GAG完全转阴。结论造血干细胞移植治疗可恢复黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型患儿外周血白细胞IDS活性至正常值,但对于降低黏多糖贮积症Ⅱ型患儿尿GAG含量作用有限,其可在一定程度上降低尿GAG含量但大多未至正常水平。