Studies on the effect of sodium arsenate on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism,brush border membrane,and oxidative stress in the rat kidney

Arsenic is an environmental pollutant and its contamination in drinking water poses serious world wide environmental health threats. It produces multiple adverse effects in various tissues, including the kidney. However, biochemical mechanism and renal response to its toxic insult are not completely elucidated. We hypothesized that sodium arsenate (ARS) induces oxidative stress and alters the structure and metabolic functions of kidney. Male Wistar rats were administered ARS (10 mg/kg body weight/day), intraperitoneally daily for 10 days. ARS administration increased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, and phospholipids but decreased inorganic phosphate, indicating kidney toxicity. The activity of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes significantly lowered in both cortex and medulla. Activity of hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, and NADP-malic enzyme significantly increased whereas malate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose 1,6 bis phosphatase decreased by ARS exposure. The activity of superoxide dismutase, GSH-peroxidase, and catalase were selectively altered in renal tissues along with an increase in lipid peroxidation. The present results indicated that ARS induced oxidative stress caused severe renal damage that resulted in altered levels of carbohydrate metabolism and BBM enzymes.     

Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Fast-Track Surgery in Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Background

Fast-track surgery (FTS) is a promising program for surgical patients and has been applied to several surgical diseases. FTS is much superior to conventional perioperative care. Our aim was to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of FTS and conventional perioperative care for patients undergoing gastrectomy using a systematic review.

Methods

We searched the literature in PubMed, SCOPUS, and EMBASE up to November 2013. No language restriction was applied. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used for analysis by a fixed or a random effects model according to the heterogeneity assumption.

Results

In the present meta-analysis, we included five randomized controlled trials and one controlled clinical trial from five studies. Compared with conventional care, FTS shortened the duration of flatus (WMD ?21.08; 95 % CI ?27.46 to ?14.71, z = 6.48, p < 0.00001 in the open surgery group; WMD ?8.20; 95 % CI ?12.87 to ?3.53, z = 3.44, p = 0.0006 in the laparoscopic surgery group), accelerated the decrease in C-reactive protein (WMD ?15.56; 95 % CI 21.28 to 9.83, z = 5.33, p < 0.00001), shortened the postoperative stay (WMD ?2.00; 95 % CI ?2.69 to ?1.30, z = 5.64, p < 0.00001), and reduced hospitalization costs (WMD ?447.72; 95 % CI ?615.92 to ?279.51, z = 5.22, p < 0.00001). FTS made no significant difference in operation times (p = 0.93), intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.79), or postoperative complications (p = 0.07).

Conclusions

Based on current evidence, the FTS protocol was feasible for gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy (distal subtotal gastrectomy, proximal subtotal gastrectomy, or radical total gastrectomy) via open or laparoscopic surgery. Larger studies are needed to validate our findings.     

普鲁卡因联合化疗治疗肺癌咯血的临床观察

目的观察普鲁卡因联合化疗治疗肺癌咯血的效果。方法将52例肺癌咯血患者随机分为观察组28例及对照组24例．观察组采用普鲁卡因联合化疗治疗,对照组采用单纯化疗,比较两组疗效。结果观察组有效率为89.3％,对照组有效率为62．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论普鲁卡因联合化疗可明显改善肺癌患者的咯血症状,值得推广应用。     

IL-17A and IL-17F induce autophagy in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Autophagy is an important cellular catabolic process for the lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles, proteins and microorganisms. The autophagic process is intertwined with the immune response: autophagy regulates both innate and adaptive immunity, conversely, cytokines produced during the course of the immune response modulate various functions of the autophagic cascade. The IL-17 family member cytokines play a pivotal role in immune protection against extra- and intracellular bacterial pathogens. Since the effects of IL-17A and IL-17F on autophagy have not yet been reported, we have evaluated the autophagic activity in the RAW 264.7 cell line treated with either IL-17A or IL-17F. Both IL-17A and IL-17F proved to promote microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B-II (LC3B-II) accumulation, enhance the autophagic flux, facilitate the intracellular redistribution of LC3B, increase both the average number and the size of autophagosomes per cell, and foster the formation of acidic vesicular organelles. IL-17F was considerably more efficient than IL-17A in promoting the autophagic process. Further experiments to determine the potential effect of IL-17-induced autophagy on the antibacterial activity of RAW macrophages revealed that IL-17F significantly decreased the intracellular counts of Mycobacterium terrae, while the colony-forming unit values remained comparable in the IL-17A-treated cells and the control cultures. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that IL-17A and IL-17F are capable of inducing autophagy in macrophages, and thereby contribute to the elimination of Mycobacterium terrae. These data may bear on the pathogenesis of infections caused by Mycobacterium terrae, as IL-17 plays a pivotal role in the immune response to mycobacteria. IL-17-mediated activation of autophagy may also be implicated in various infections and other pathological conditions.     

乳腺疾病钼靶X线征象探讨

目的明确乳腺疾病的钼靶摄影征象，探讨钼靶在早期乳腺癌诊断中的价值。方法总结分析我院从512例乳腺疾病钼靶X线摄影中检出，并经手术和病理证实为乳腺肿瘤35例，其中乳腺良性肿瘤26例，乳腺癌9例。结果9例乳腺癌X线显示肿块影5例，有钙化灶1例。良性肿瘤X线征象为密度均匀、边缘光滑、椭圆或圆形肿块，周围有环形透亮带。结论钼靶X线乳腺摄影是诊断乳腺肿瘤的首选方法，特别是乳腺癌的主要直接征象和间接征象在乳腺癌的早期诊断中具有重要意义。     

低氧预适应增强小鼠学习记忆能力

目的探讨脑低氧预适应对Balb／C小鼠学习记忆能力的影响，进一步研究低氧预适应的机制。方法选用清洁级成年健康雄性Balb／C交系小鼠，数字表法随机分为3组（n=12）：①对照组（H0）；②1次低氧组（H1）；③4次低氧组印低氧预适应组（H4）。然后行改良的Morris水迷宫测试：在一直径约为1米的圆形水槽边缘等距的四个点（NESW）处做好标记，在一固定位置放一玻璃平台，使槽中水面高于平台1．5厘米，水面覆以泡沫屑，小鼠在水迷宫中训练5日后，进行低氧预适应模型制备，随后分别在低氧处理后1小时、2小时、4小时、1天、2天、3天进行测试，共进行6个时段测试，每个时段4次，分别将小鼠从改良的Morris水迷宫的NESW4个起始点放入水槽中任其游动，寻找平台，记录每次的遗避潜伏期，将4次平均值作为该小鼠在该时段的成绩。然后比较各组测定的小鼠在迷宫中的逃避潜伏期，以确定低氧预适应对小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。结果H4组小鼠在低氧处理后4小时、1、2．3天的逃避潜伏期明显短于H0和H1组（P〈0．05）。结论脑低氧预适应能增强小鼠学习记忆能力，具体的产生机制需要进一步的研究。     

关木通的肾毒性及其防护

介绍关木通和马兜铃酸的肾毒性及其防护的研究进展。关木通有明显肾毒性,给药期间应定期监测肾功能,严格控制给药剂量可有效避免肾毒性的发生。     

多功能野战血液加温装置的设计开发

目的：不断提高野战条件下输血救治的工作效率和安全服务质量。方法：采用低密度聚乙烯或玻璃钢材料，选择聚氨酯泡沫塑料为保温层，选择微孔双通路输血管路U型加热方式，采用低温生物化学等方法。结果：多功能野战血液加温装置，不需要电源，体积小、易携带、机动性强。冷热水注入方式进行温度调节。结论：多功能野战血液加温装置的功能先进，使用方便，具有良好应用前景。     

医院施行会员制的探讨

随着医疗制度的改革和医疗保险制度的建立，病人的自费份额比重增大，病人对医疗价格十分敏感，在医疗水平、医护质量相差不大的情况下，病人主要是根据医疗价格选择医院。采用低价位经营固然能够赢得部分医疗市场，同时也会影响到医院的经济收入和效益。施行会员制既能赢得市场份额又不会造成损失，是一种先进的医院经营方式。它是将商业系统普遍实用的会员制移植到医院中来，利用对会员实行优惠的方式确保医院有稳定的病员群体，靠这一部分稳定的群体保持扩大医院的影响力，吸引更多病人到医院就诊     

原位再生医学教育人才培养模式的思考

目的：为了适应教育服务与复合型人才培养要求,探讨原位再生医学教育人才培养策略。方法：试从原位再生医学教育面临的问题、再生医学教育背景、教育模式、培养目标和再生医学精神方面论述原位再生医学教育人才培养模式思考。通过科学和艺术双重特点教育手段．再生医学基础理论突出实用性;再生医学专业理论突出针对性、再生医学人文知识突出应用性、淡化烧伤外科意识和学科意识。通过教学培育再生医学精神,如平等的多元化意识,理性的批判态度、自由的个性特征和非功利的超现实追求。使之成为毕生昂然进取、发奋建树、渴望勤勉之后的荣誉和荣誉之后淡泊的超越前人的一代“再生医学人”．通过教学培育人文精神．如“经验、体察、认知为特征的利学主体精种．以仁爱、克己、敬业为特征的伦理主体精神,以激情、想象、形象为特征的审美主体精神。将烧伤新例分析救治过程引入课堂,构建学习再生医学知识、培养能力、提高素质融为一体的课程体系．以再生医学技术应用能力和基本知识为主线的理论教学体系和实践教学体系,即课堂教学-临床见习教学-实习教学一体的培养模式。结果：经过十余年的艰苦探索和实践．再生医学教育的教学成果不仅使我们拥有了3届专业思想稳定,深受用人单位欢迎的毕业生,更重要是锻炼了以烧伤科为基础的一支具有一定专业知识和教学能力的教师队伍。结论：构建我国原位再生医学教育人才培养模式,对于培养质量高的、具有创新和竞争力的高级原位再生医学专门人才有着重要意义。