我国60岁及以上老年人孤独感影响因素分析

目的分析我国≥60岁老年人孤独感影响因素。方法使用2018中国老年社会追踪调查资料中≥60岁老年人作为研究对象, 估计样本量为7 953人。孤独感采用孤独感量表进行测量, 运用逐步回归与简单斜率法分析主、客观因素对孤独感的影响及其相互作用。使用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析, 采用PROCESS 3.3宏程序进行简单斜率检验。结果研究对象共8 926人。客观因素中, 家庭网络差的老年人孤独感水平更高(P<0.05)、社区提供养老服务能够降低老年人孤独感(P<0.05)。主观衰老年龄≤60岁、社会适应能力和情绪感知较差的老年人其孤独感水平更高(均P<0.05)。主观衰老年龄在社区提供养老服务对孤独感的影响中发挥负向调节作用(P<0.05), 社会适应和情绪感知在家庭网络对孤独感的影响中发挥负向调节作用(均P<0.05)。结论我国≥60岁老年人孤独感受到主客观因素的共同作用, 其中主观因素在客观因素对老年人孤独感影响作用中发挥重要的调节作用。因此, 在创造良好适老环境为老年人提供有力外部支持的同时, 也应充分调动老年人自身主观能动性, 共同缓解老年人孤独...     

Risk factors for unanticipated hospitalizations in children and youth with spina bifida at an urban children’s hospital: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundSpina bifida (SB) is a condition resulting from the improper closure of the neural tube and vertebral column during fetal development. While patients’ life expectancy and quality of life have improved dramatically due to medical advances, children continue to experience health-related issues that often require hospitalizations.ObjectiveThe association among sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH) in children and youth with myelomeningocele type SB was investigated in this cross-sectional study.MethodsChart reviews and data extraction were conducted on 108 children and youth, ages 1 month to 21 years, admitted for PPH in a regional children's academic medical center between May 2017 and July 2019.Sociodemographic variables included sex, age, type of insurance and ethnicity. Clinical variables included level of lesion, ambulation status, shunt dependency and selected diagnostic categories. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with PPH.ResultsFactors associated with PPH included being male, ages 5–18 years, low lumbar level lesions, non-ambulatory, with public insurance, Hispanic and shunt dependent. Most hospitalizations (73%) were for neurologic or urologic conditions. Factors independently associated with PPH were ethnicity for urologic conditions, being ambulatory for metabolic conditions, and age for gastroenterology conditions.ConclusionSelected demographic and clinical variables were found to be associated with PPH of children and youth with myelomeningocele-type SB. The most common reasons for PPH were shunt malfunctions and urinary tract infections, consistent with other studies.     

Feasibility of a Remote-based Nutrition Education and Culinary Skills Program for Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of a remote-based nutrition education and culinary skills program for young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsThirteen young adults with ASD (26.6 ± 4.4 years; 77% male) participated in a remote-based nutrition program twice a week over 12 weeks. Principles of Social Cognitive Theory were used to develop the curriculum, which focused on nutrition education and meal preparation. Feasibility was assessed through attendance records, retention rates, duration/frequency of participant engagement, session notes, and participant interviews.ResultsThe program had a 13% refusal rate and a 7% attrition rate. Participants had a session attendance rate of 83%. Session notes revealed that the remote format offered several methods of participant communication and captured evidence of family support. Interview themes included increased nutrition-related knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavioral capability.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe remote-based nutrition program met feasibility benchmarks for adherence and retention and was well-accepted by participants. A remote-based format for nutrition interventions can reach a wider range of young adults with ASD; however, input from the target population should be considered in the development of the program.