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Stuart Dickson 《Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine》2009,10(4):165-168
Sepsis is a heterogeneous disease process. Individuals with severe sepsis frequently develop organ dysfunction and often require admission to critical care. The sepsis syndrome is generated by a complex interaction of pathogen and host inflammatory response. Progress has been made in recent years in understanding the highly complex nature of the host response in sepsis. Prompt recognition of the sepsis syndrome, aggressive resuscitation, source control and early antibiotic therapy are key steps in treating severe sepsis and ameliorating the multiple organ dysfunction which frequently complicates it. 相似文献
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Wagner W Walczak-Drzewiecka A Slusarczyk A Biecek P Rychlewski L Dastych J 《Toxicology letters》2006,162(1):55-70
The Fluorescent Cell Chip (FCC) has been developed specifically for immunotoxicity screening of chemical compounds. This in vitro test is based on a panel of genetically modified reporter cell lines that regulate the expression of fluorescent protein in the same way as they regulate expression of cytokines. Thus, changes in fluorescence intensity represent changes in cytokine expression. Consequently, this technique conforms to efficiency expected from high throughput screening assay. In a pre-validation effort we analyzed 46 compounds. The experimental protocol employed five reporter cell lines derived from murine EL-4 T cells. Reporter cells were exposed to tested chemicals on a 96 well plate and analyzed for EGFP-mediated fluorescence using automated flow cytometric assay. Tested compounds reproducibly generated compound-specific patterns of changes in fluorescence that allows for the hierarchical clustering of their expected activities based on pattern similarity analysis. Resultant classification revealed correlation with available in vivo immunotoxicity data. In conclusion, FCC is a new promising approach for in vitro screening of chemicals for their immunotoxicity. 相似文献
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To determine whether the mouse Werner syndrome homologue (Wrn) and the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) enzymes act in concert to prevent specific chromosomal rearrangements, mice with a mutation in the helicase domain of the Wrn gene (Wrn(Deltahel/Deltahel) mice) were crossed to PARP-1 null mice. Spectral karyotyping of the mouse metaphases was used in correlation with conventional G-banded karyotype analysis to precisely define the chromosomal aberrations in cells. Although there was no recurrent clonal chromosome aberration, PARP-1 null/Wrn(Deltahel/Deltahel) fibroblasts were distinguished by an increased frequency of chromatid breaks. Interestingly, multiradial structures were the only type of DNA rearrangement that was significantly higher in such PARP-1 null/Wrn(Deltahel/Deltahel) cells. These results indicate that Wrn and PARP-1 enzymes may be part of a protein complex involved in the processing of DNA breaks that can ultimately lead to multiradial structures when both enzymes are nonfunctional. Finally, regions of chromosomes known to be fragile sites in the mouse genome are not more prone to DNA rearrangements in the absence of both PARP-1 and functional Wrn proteins. Moreover, the low number of recurrent rearranged chromosome at any given site suggest a random mutagenesis process in PARP-1 null/Wrn(Deltahel/Deltahel) fibroblasts. 相似文献
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