Linear and volumetric gain after vertical bone augmentation in the posterior mandible using an autologous cortical tenting method

This study was performed to evaluate the linear and volumetric effects of a technique for reconstruction of the posterior atrophic mandible, including the final bone gain of the graft, by three-dimensional assessment. Thirteen individuals were recruited into the study and submitted to a total of 15 mandibular autogenous bone block surgeries. Cone beam computed tomography images were obtained at three different times. Bone graft length and thickness, and the volume, height, and width of the graft were measured. Data were compared statistically among the time points using the Friedman test, and cluster analysis was performed to identify the association between the study variables and the resorption rate (α = 0.05). Linear analysis of the width and height of the recipient area at the different time points revealed a statistically significant difference. The final average increase in height was 1.6 mm; all subjects showed an average volume gain of 3.412 mm³, and 77% of the subjects showed an average graft resorption of 0.688 mm³ construction of three-dimensional vertical defects of the posterior mandible resulted in good healing with minimal complications and minimal bone graft resorption, favouring vertical bone gain.     

Immunomodulatory effects of two silymarin isomers in a Balb/c mouse model of allergic asthma

Introduction and ObjectivesAllergic asthma is a complex chronic disease of the respiratory system presenting with cough, dyspnea, wheezing and airway obstruction. More than 300 million people of all age spectrums suffer from asthma worldwide. Immunological and inflammatory processes are main contributors to asthma. Cytokines produced by T helper 2 lymphocytes play main roles in asthma development and progression. Silymarin, a therapeutic agent with anti-oxidative properties, is a main component of Silybium marinum. We herein aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of two silymarin isomers, isosilybin A and silydianin, in the treatment of allergic asthma.Materials and MethodsAfter isolating and purifying isosilybin A and silydianin, Balb/c mouse model of allergic asthma was produced using ovalbumin injection. Seventy mice were categorized into five (1 normal and 4 asthmatic) groups (n = 14 per group). Mice in three of four asthmatic groups were treated with either isosilybin A, silydianin or budesonide. The 4th asthmatic group was used as positive control, with the non-asthmatic group serving as negative control. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in the BAL fluid were determined. Gene expressions of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and MUC5ac, as well as IgE serum level were also measured. Cellular composition of BAL fluid and lungs histopathology were finally investigated.ResultsIsosilybin A and silydianin reduced eosinophilic infiltration of lungs, IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BAL fluid, IL-4 and IL-5 gene expressions, as well as AHR in Balb/c mouse model of asthma. However, no significant changes were observed in IL-13 level and mucus hyper-secretion.ConclusionAccording to our study, isosilybin A and silydianin can control main symptoms of asthma by modulating immune responses.     

结核分枝杆菌Rv0440 CTL表位肽的免疫原性研究

目的 体外鉴定结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb）Rv0440蛋白序列中表位肽362 370 aa和369-377 aa的HLA A＊0201限制性CD8＋ CTL表位的免疫原性,为基于表位的结核疫苗研究提供实验依据.方法 根据T2细胞HLA-A＊ 0201分子与多肽结合力分析实验结果,选取结核分枝杆菌Rv0440蛋白质氨基酸序列中对HLA-A＊ 0201分子高亲合力的Rv0440 1（362-370 aa,KLQERLAKL）和Rv0440-2（369 377 aa,KLAGGVAVI）作为候选表位肽.用候选表位肽刺激PPD（＋＋＋）健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞（peripheral blood mononuclear cells,PBMC）检测细胞分泌IFN γ的水平.用候选表位肽诱导特异性CTL细胞,检测特异性CTL细胞对负载表位肽的T2细胞的杀伤活性,观察Rv0440-1和Rv0440 2的HLA-A＊ 0201限制性CD8＋ CTL表位的免疫原性.结果 ELISPOT实验结果显示,表位肽Rv0440-1能够明显诱导HLA-A＊ 0201（＋）、PPD（＋＋＋）健康志愿者PBMC分泌IFN γ（P＜0.05）;且表位肽Rv0440-1负载DC诱导的CTL在效靶比为10：1时对负载相应表位肽的T2细胞的特异性杀伤活性高于对照组（P＜0.05）;与对照组相比,表位肽Rv0440 2没有诱导能力.结论 表位肽Rv0440-1（362-370 aa,KLQERLAKL）具有良好的免疫原性,是有效的结核分枝杆菌的HLA-A＊0201限制性CTL表位.     

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Rheumatology - Vitamin D is involved in immune system modulation as well as in calcium and bone homeostasis, hence plays a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) etiopathogenesis. A bulk of...     

微波消融与传统开放手术治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌的安全性及近期疗效Meta分析

目的运用Meta分析系统评价微波消融和传统开放手术治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌的疗效及安全性。 方法确定检索策略、文献的纳入与筛选原则,分别检索Pubmed（Medline）、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库（Sinomed）、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据库中关于微波消融治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌的随机对照研究,实验组为微波消融法治疗,对照组为传统开放手术治疗。检索时间跨度为2017年4月至2020年4月。运用RevMan 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。 结果纳入研究文献10篇,研究对象1 307人,其中试验组669人,对照组638人。结果显示微波消融组和传统开放手术组的手术情况、术后并发症发生率、甲状腺激素水平和炎症因子水平的差异均具有统计学意义。相比之下,微波消融在以上方面的优势均较明显,肿瘤体积变化也非常明显。 结论微波消融法在治疗微小甲状腺乳头状癌方面具有手术创伤小、恢复快、美观度高、手术并发症少等特点,但是该10项研究均为近3年研究,随访时间短,其远期效果还有待未来大样本、长期随访的RCT研究来证实。     

Cancer incidence due to excess body weight and leisure-time physical inactivity in Canada: Implications for prevention

ObjectiveThis analysis aimed to estimate the number of incident cases of various cancers attributable to excess body weight (overweight, obesity) and leisure-time physical inactivity annually in Canada.MethodsThe number of attributable cancers was estimated using the population attributable fraction (PAF), risk estimates from recent meta-analyses and population exposure prevalence estimates obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2000). Age–sex-site-specific cancer incidence was obtained from Statistics Canada tables for the most up-to-date year with full national data, 2007. Where the evidence for association has been deemed sufficient, we estimated the number of incident cases of the following cancers attributable to obesity: colon, breast, endometrium, esophagus (adenocarcinomas), gallbladder, pancreas and kidney; and to physical inactivity: colon, breast, endometrium, prostate, lung and/or bronchus, and ovarian.ResultsOverall, estimates of all cancer incidence in 2007 suggest that at least 3.5% (n = 5771) and 7.9% (n = 12,885) are attributed to excess body weight and physical inactivity respectively. For both risk factors the burden of disease was greater among women than among men.ConclusionThousands of incident cases of cancer could be prevented annually in Canada as good evidence exists for effective interventions to reduce these risk factors in the population.     

Association between mechanical ventilation and neurodevelopmental disorders in a nationwide cohort of extremely low birth weight infants

Mechanical ventilation for preterm infants independently contributes to poor neurodevelopmental performance. However, few studies have investigated the association between the duration of mechanical ventilation and the risk for various developmental disorders in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) infants. Using a large nationwide database, we did a 10-year retrospective follow-up study to explore the effect of mechanical ventilation on the incidence of cerebral palsy (CP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in ELBW infants born between 1998 and 2001. Seven hundred twenty-eight ELBW infants without diagnoses of brain insults or focal brain lesions in the initial hospital stay were identified and divided into three groups (days on ventilator: ≦2, 3–14, ≧15 days). After adjusting for demographic and medical factors, the infants in the ≧15 days group had higher risks for CP (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.66; 95% confidence interval: 1.50–4.59; p < 0.001) and ADHD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.95; 95% confidence interval: 1.02–3.76; p < 0.05), than did infants in the ≦2 days group. The risk for ASD or ID was not significantly different between the three groups. We conclude that mechanical ventilation for ≧15 days increased the risk for CP and ADHD in ELBW infants even without significant neonatal brain damage. Developing a brain-protective respiratory support strategy in response to real-time cerebral hemodynamic and oxygenation changes has the potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in ELBW infants.     

Neuroprotective Effects of Neuregulin-1 ß on Oligodendrocyte Type 2 Astrocyte Progenitors Following Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation

BackgroundHypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonates, especially in premature infants, is one of the main contributors to the mortality of newborns and can cause nervous system dysfunction in children. The major pathogenesis seems to be cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in the immature white matter that preferentially targets vulnerable premyelinating oligodendrocytes.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to culture oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte cells in an oxygen and glucose deprivation environment to simulate ischemia injury and examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of neuregulin-1ß on ischemia-induced immature oligodendrocytes.MethodsOligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte cells were cultured from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rat cerebra. The cells were divided into two groups: one was subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation for 9 hours and the other was treated with 50 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL neuregulin-1β during oxygen and glucose deprivation. Cell survival was determined by Trypan Blue staining and cell apoptosis were observed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining. To study if the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was involved in the mechanism of protective effect of neuregulin-1ß, Western blot analysis was used to quantitative the changes of protein.ResultsTreatment with neuregulin-1ß within the period of oxygen and glucose deprivation significantly increased cell survival and also resulted in a significant decrease in cell apoptosis. The neuroprotective effects of neuregulin-1ß were prevented by treatment with Ly294002, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway.ConclusionsThese results suggest that neuregulin-1ß could protect the oligodendrocyte type 2 astrocyte progenitors against hypoxic injury, and the mechanism may be associated with the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.