广州市番禺区居民肝吸虫感染状况及知信行调查

目的 了解广州市番禺区居民肝吸虫感染状况,分析患者肝吸虫病相关知识、态度、行为现状,为制定防控措施提供参考。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取在当地连续居住半年以上居民,采用改良加藤厚片法进行肝吸虫虫卵检测,并对检测阳性者进行肝吸虫病相关知识、态度与行为调查。结果 共计检测4 238人,肝吸虫感染率为22.30%。肝吸虫病知晓率为71.96%,知晓肝吸虫病感染途径、对人体危害、防感染措施者分别占64.55%、36.08%、49.10%;生熟砧板（菜板）未分开、平时有生吃或半生吃淡水鱼虾者分别占60.42%、67.30%;愿意尝试吃生鱼片、得了肝吸虫病愿意花钱去买驱虫药吃、肝吸虫病治好后还会继续生吃或半生吃淡水鱼虾者分别占63.07%、76.93%、59.26%。本次检测前了解自身肝吸虫感染状况者占7.94%,男（6.34%）女（10.18%）差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.627,P=0.031）。曾接受过肝吸虫病驱虫治疗者占6.56%,男（5.07%）女（8.65%）差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.796,P=0.029）。表示曾获得过肝吸虫疾病知识宣传资料者占26.03%。不同性别、年龄、职业组间在防治知识、防治行为、防治态度方面的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 广州市番禺区为肝吸虫病高度流行区,肝吸虫病患者肝吸虫病相关知识较高,行为与态度的正确率较低。在开展肝吸虫病相关知识宣教的同时,应重点引导患者的行为与态度的正确转变,以减少肝吸虫病的传播流行。     

高档娱乐场所服务小姐艾滋病相关因素研究

目的了解广州市番禺区高档娱乐场所服务小姐与艾滋病相关行为特征及艾滋病知识知晓率,为向该人群干预提供依据。方法基于健康信息模型理论,采用整群抽样,匿名自填问卷方法,对355名服务小姐进行调查。结果婚前有性行为的占90.42%,确定曾患过性病者占7.32%,最近5次性关系中5次均使用了安全套的占12.39%;与固定性伴使用安全套者占23.10%;有口交行为的占27.32%,有肛交行为的占3.66%,既有口交又有肛交行为的占2.25%;初中文化程度占52.39%,对艾滋病可以通过3种途径传播传染知晓率为43%,存在婚前多性伴现象。结论高档娱乐场所女性性工作者属艾滋病感染高危人群,应加强高档娱乐场所服务小姐预防艾滋病的宣传教育工作,在此类人群中推广艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务非常必要。     

番禺区女性性工作者艾滋病相关知识、态度与影响因素调查

目的了解番禺区女性性工作者艾滋病防治知识、态度及影响因素。方法采用面对面问卷调查的方式,对广州市番禺区娱乐场所的400名女性性工作者进行艾滋病调查和监测。结果女性性工作者艾滋病相关知识总体知晓率为73．92％。单因素分析显示年龄和本地工作时间与艾滋病相关知识知晓率有关（X^2=13．694、10．151,P〈0．05）。结论番禺区女性性工作者艾滋病相关知识知晓率较高,对于低年龄和流动性强的女性性工作者要加强宣传和跟踪调查,艾滋病的相关知识还要进一步强化和全面推广。     

Tissue accumulation of cadmium following oral administration to metallothionein-null mice

To verify the roles of intestinal metallothionein (MT) as a barrier against ingested cadmium (Cd) and as a transporter of mucosal Cd to the kidneys, the distribution of orally administered Cd was compared between normal and MT-I and -II knock-out (MT-null) mice. Following single administration of a low dose of Cd (0.1 mg/kg), hepatic Cd levels and the sum of total Cd in the liver and kidney (K+L) were significantly less in the controls than in MT-null mice. The ratio of Cd in the kidney to the liver (K/L) was significantly lower in the MT-null mice. On the other hand, at a high Cd dose (2.0 mg/kg), K+L and K/L were not significantly different between the two groups. However, following oral pretreatment with zinc (Zn) to the high dose control mice, K+L significantly decreased and K/L significantly increased. No such effects of Zn pretreatment were observed in MT-null mice. Similar differences in K+L and K/L were also observed between the control and MT-null mice groups following the Zn pretreatment. Repeated administration of Cd for 4 weeks resulted in significantly larger K/L distribution in control mice over null mice. These results suggest that MT in the intestinal mucosa functions both as a protective barrier against Cd absorption and as an extracellular transporter of Cd to the kidney.