南通市中学生校园欺凌现况及社会生态学影响分析

探索中学校园欺凌现况及社会生态学影响因素,为中学校园欺凌的防控与治理提供参考依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法在南通市主城区抽取1 169名中学生为调查对象,采用中学生校园欺凌问卷及自编相关问题进行调查.结果 初中生被欺凌和欺凌得分高于高中生(t值分别为3.61,2.53,P值均<0.05),普通中学学生得分高于重点中学学生(f值分别为12.52,8.34,P值均<0.01),同伴关系较差学生得分高于较好学生(F值分别为8.98,25.89,P值均<0.01),校园纪律较差学生得分高于关系较好学生(F值分别为8.50,10.00,P值均<0.01),校园欺凌防治政策欠缺学生得分高于政策完善学校学生(F值分别为8.30,2.67,P值均<0.05),父母教育方式为干涉型和忽视型学生得分高于商讨型学生(F=3.66,P<0.05).多因Logistic回归分析显示,高中学段、重点中学、同伴关系较好、商讨型教育方式、校园学风纪律较好、校园欺凌防治政策完善是中学生校园欺凌的保护因素(OR=1.68~4.28,P值均<0.05),性别、独生子女与否是中学生校园欺凌的危险因素(OR值分别为1.54,1.68,P值均<0.05);结构方程模型分析显示,中学校园欺凌的路径是以中学生个体因素为中心,通过与人际、组织、政策等层面因素相互作用产生影响.结论 学校、家庭和社会应从中学生个体、人际、组织、政策等社会生态学层面对校园欺凌进行预防和干预,构建安全健康校园.     

桂利嗪片与哌醋甲酯缓释片配伍的抗运动病药效研究

目的 研究桂利嗪片与哌醋甲酯缓释片配伍的抗运动病效果。方法 人体实验检测8名男性受试者接受旋转刺激后的眼震电图变化;动物实验采用20条比格犬,以复合旋转刺激模式诱发其产生流涎、呕吐症状,比较各组动物的流涎、呕吐潜伏期。结果 受试者单独服用桂利嗪片或哌醋甲酯缓释片,或合用桂利嗪片与哌醋甲酯缓释片,在服药后1,2,4 h均能抑制旋转刺激诱导的眼震持续时间和平均慢相速度,但桂利嗪片与哌醋甲酯缓释片配伍的效果更强。比格犬药物处理后,阳性对照药物茶苯海明组、桂利嗪片与哌醋甲酯缓释片配伍的小剂量组流涎、呕吐潜伏期较对照组有延长趋势,但差异无统计学意义,而桂利嗪片与哌醋甲酯缓释片配伍的中剂量组和高剂量组流涎、呕吐潜伏期较对照组明显延长,且中剂量组流涎、呕吐潜伏期明显长于茶苯海明组。结论 桂利嗪片与哌醋甲酯缓释片配伍具有明显的抗运动病作用,且效果可能优于茶苯海明片。     

我国中老年夫妻共患慢性病的关联——基于CHARLS 2018的数据分析

目的 探索我国45岁及以上中老年夫妻共患慢性病的关联,为中老年人慢性病的预防及管理提供科学依据。方法数据来源于2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS),共匹配纳入5 365对夫妻,通过t检验和χ²检验比较丈夫和妻子人口学指标以及各慢性病患病率的差异,再采用logistic回归模型探讨丈夫和妻子各慢性病的一致性关联。结果 研究显示,5 365对夫妻中,各种慢性病均存在夫妻共患病的情况,其中抑郁症状共患率最高为25.40%,妻子患病率为40.69%,高于丈夫的27.38%(χ²=211.619, P<0.001);肿瘤共患率最低为0.09%,妻子患病率为2.65%,高于丈夫的1.62%(χ²=13.498, P<0.001)。丈夫和妻子慢性病患病状况存在一致性关联,男性患者的妻子患有同种疾病的风险增加28%～192%,女性患者的丈夫患有同种疾病的风险增加29%～122%。其中增加风险排前三位的慢性病分别是：抑郁症...     

Preparation of BiOCl/Bi2WO6 Photocatalyst for Efficient Fixation on Cotton Fabric: Applications in UV Shielding and Self-Cleaning Performances

In this work, a visible-light-driven BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆ photocatalyst was obtained via a facile hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet/visible light diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV/Vis), and photocurrent (PC). BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆ was modified with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride to obtain the cationized BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆. Cotton fabric was pretreated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium chloroacetate solution to obtain carboxymethylated cotton fabric, which was further reacted with cationized BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆ to achieve finished cotton fabric. The cotton fabrics were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), XRD, SEM, and EDS. The photocatalytic activity of the BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆ photocatalyst and cotton fabrics was assessed by photocatalytic degradation of MB (methylene blue) solution under simulated visible light. The self-cleaning property of cotton fabrics was evaluated by removing MB solution and red-wine stains. Results revealed that the coated cotton fabrics exhibited appreciable photocatalytic and self-cleaning performance. In addition, anti-UV studies showed that the finished cotton fabrics had remarkable UV blocking properties in the UVA and UVB regions. Therefore, the finished cotton fabric with BiOCl/Bi₂WO₆ can provide a framework for the development of multifunctional textiles.     

Claudin 14/15 play important roles in early wallerian degeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury

PurposeWallerian degeneration (WD) is an antegrade degenerative process distal to peripheral nerve injury. Numerous genes are differentially regulated in response to the process. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear, especially the early response. We aimed at investigating the effects of sciatic nerve injury on WD via CLDN 14/15 interactions in vivo and in vitro.MethodsUsing the methods of molecular biology and bioinformatics analysis, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which claudin 14/15 participate in WD. Our previous study showed that claudins 14 and 15 trigger the early signal flow and pathway in damaged sciatic nerves. Here, we report the effects of the interaction between claudin 14 and claudin 15 on nerve degeneration and regeneration during early WD.ResultsIt was found that claudin 14/15 were upregulated in the sciatic nerve in WD. Claudin 14/15 promoted Schwann cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis in vitro. PKCα, NT3, NF2, and bFGF were significantly upregulated in transfected Schwann cells. Moreover, the expression levels of the β-catenin, p-AKT/AKT, p-c-jun/c-jun, and p-ERK/ERK signaling pathways were also significantly altered.ConclusionClaudin 14/15 affect Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis via the β-catenin, p-AKT/AKT, p-c-jun/c-jun, and p-ERK/ERK pathways in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the tight junction signaling pathway underlying peripheral nerve degeneration.     

Antimicrobial Persistence and Residual Effect in Healthcare Personnel Handwashes

BACKGROUND: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers can reduce nosocomial infections by >30.0%. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) via the Tentative Final Monograph assesses efficacy immediately post wash. Antimicrobial persistence and residual effect are not evaluated. Recently a novel water-optional, alcohol-based formulation preserved with zinc pyrithione has been developed that provides antimicrobial persistence and residual activity, while surpassing the FDA criteria as a healthcare personnel handwash in both the waterless and water-aided modes.METHODS: This formulation was compared to common handwashes containing various antimicrobials (0.5% triclosan, 61.0% ethanol, 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate [CHG], and 4.0% CHG) in waterless and/or water-aided modes to assess immediacy of kill, persistence, and residual effects in a 5-day study employing >60 subjects. Following collection of baseline data, the participants were instructed to wash with each product four times within 1 hour per label instructions and then glove. Representative samples were taken by the glove juice method at selected post-wash intervals that included immediate, 4-hour (except 4.0% CHG), and 8-hour. Post-wash samples were compared to baseline and log10 reductions were calculated.RESULTS: When tested waterless, the water-optional product consistently produced log10 reductions of nearly 3.5 or greater at every point over the entire study period, demonstrating vastly superior efficacy over the CHG and other alcohol-based products. In the water-aided configuration, similar results were obtained, as log10 reductions of 2.5 were observed, thus demonstrating vastly superior efficacy over triclosan.CONCLUSIONS: The new formulation exceeds FDA criteria for classification as a healthcare personnel handwash and demonstrates exceptional persistence and residual effects.     

二氢杨梅素对Cu2+诱导的β淀粉样蛋白聚集和细胞毒性的影响

目的研究二氢杨梅素(DMY)对Cu2+诱导的β淀粉样蛋白片段(Aβ1-40)聚集和细胞毒性的影响。方法采用硫磺素T荧光标记研究DMY对Cu2+诱导Aβ1-40聚集的影响,MTT法检测SH-SY5Y细胞活力的变化。结果 DMY能明显抑制Cu2+诱导的Aβ1-40聚集,对已形成的Cu2+-Aβ1-40聚集物有解聚作用,且能有效防止Cu2+和Aβ1-40共同诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞活力的下降。结论 DMY对阿尔茨海默病具有潜在的防治作用。     

基于通用CAD技术的三维假牙模型重建

背景:由于全口假牙没有牙齿作为牙托的支撑,压力全部到牙龈上面,假牙活动咀嚼食物时不可避免对作为牙托支撑的牙龈进行磨损,患者也经常出现牙龈发炎和假牙托的金属过敏症状,因此为患者安装假牙前,医生必须先测试其对假牙材料的适应性。目的:对经历磨合期后的假牙进行三维模型重建。方法:使用激光扫描仪等数字采集设备采集了经过磨合期的全口假牙三维数据,利用逆向软件进行减少噪声点、数据滤波、数据精简及对缺失的数据进行修补等预处理并封装为三角曲面,通过Pro/E等三维设计软件实现模型的重建。结果与结论:通过激光扫描仪、CT等数字采集设备采集经过磨合期的全口假牙三维数据,利用逆向软件对采集到的数据进行预处理包括减少噪声点、数据精简、数据滤波及对缺失的数据进行修补等并提取曲线模型,最后在Pro/E等三维设计软件中实现了模型重建。重建的模型可为假牙的制作提供数字信息,也可以通过快速成型得到假牙的复制品。逆向重建的经过磨合期的全口假牙,不仅节约了时间,减少医生的劳动强度,还降低患者对材料过敏的风险,缩短患者与假牙的磨合期,减少患者的痛苦。