登革病毒的实验室检测研究进展

登革热是由登革病毒引起的,主要通过媒介伊蚊叮咬而传播的急性传染病。登革热主要流行于热带、亚热带等适于伊蚊生长繁殖的国家和地区。近年来,登革病毒流行范围愈加扩大,严重危害人类的生命与健康。目前全球缺乏特效抗登革病毒药物和理想的登革病毒疫苗,我国迄今没有国家注册的诊断(检测)试剂。加强传播媒介监控,及时发现、隔离与治疗患者是防止登革热暴发流行,减少重症患者和死亡的主要措施。作为及时发现、确诊登革热患者的主要方法,快速准确的检测是登革病毒实验室检测技术的主要研究方向。     

PCR及相关技术在恙虫东方体检测和研究中的应用

随着PCR技术在医学领域的广泛应用和深入研究,PCR及其相关技术在检测恙虫东方体领域亦取得了一系列进展,对恙虫病的早期诊断和恙虫东方体的基础研究产生了深远影响。本文对PCR及其相关技术在恙虫东方体检测和研究中的应用状况进行综述。     

云南洱海环湖带绦虫rDNA-ITS2序列测定及分析

目的：对云南洱海环湖地区的带绦虫标本的rDNA-ITS2区段序列进行测定,确定亚洲带绦虫在洱海环湖地区的分布情况,进一步探讨亚洲带绦虫的分类地位。方法：取大理挖色、洱源、喜洲、周城、双廊、贵州都匀、贵州从江和传统牛带绦虫成虫标本,分别提取DNA,PCR扩增rDNA-ITS2片段后做序列测定及分析,并构建系统进化树。结果：根据ITS2测序结果构建系统进化树显示,树共分为两大枝,洱源、挖色和从江标本为第1枝,周城、喜洲、双廊和都匀为第2枝。结论：洱源与挖色存在传统牛带绦虫,周城、喜洲和双廊存在亚洲带绦虫。传统牛带绦虫和亚洲带绦虫在大理地区有分布区域上的重叠性。     

一种改良的按蚊幼虫神经细胞染色体制作方法的研究

目的研究一种更好的按蚊染色体制作方法,能展示出更清晰而利于分析的染色体组图像。方法选择活跃的处于三龄晚期和（或）四龄早期的按蚊幼虫,用秋水仙碱溶液在室温下培养2h～3h,然后按照一定的规则逐步操作,所获得的染色体标本用作进一步的分析。结果运用这种改良方法制作的按蚊染色体标本,其染色体有丝分裂指数,微小按蚊为2.6%,库态按蚊为2.9%。结论本方法简单易行,便于按蚊染色体的研究。     

Interactions between extracellular Borrelia burgdorferi proteins and non-Borrelia-directed immunoglobulin M antibodies.

Previous work showed that outer surface protein A (OspA) and OspB of Borrelia burgdorferi may occur within an extracellular multiprotein complex, which was resolved by electrophoresis as an 83-kDa major extracellular protein band. To characterize the 83-kDa band, we sequenced the N terminus of the predominant peptide in the band and examined the interaction between the associated proteins. Peptide sequence and amino acid composition comparisons showed identity with the heavy chain of immunoglobulin M (IgM). Reduction sensitivity experiments and the recognition of the band by antibodies specific for rabbit mu chain indicated that the multiprotein complex contained pentameric IgM. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that anti-mu chain antibodies and monoclonal antibodies to OspA and OspB bound to extracellular amorphous material surrounding cells. Furthermore, the Osps coprecipitated with either nonspecific polyclonal rabbit IgM antibodies or with murine monoclonal anti-human serum albumin IgM antibodies, using insoluble anti-mu chain antibody conjugates. Although the apparent 83-kDa complex was stable under conditions of chelation and concentrated salts, it was disrupted by treatment with neuraminidase. These results indicate that extracellular B. burgdorferi proteins, including OspA and OspB, interact with IgM. The association is apparently not a classic antibody-antigen interaction but may result from other mechanisms.     

云南省三带喙库蚊中分离到Toti病毒

目的对云南省蚊虫病毒分离物进行分子生物学鉴定,以明确其分类地位。方法采用C6/36细胞对病毒分离物ML-13做病毒扩增,使用多种虫媒病毒基因扩增引物进行病毒基因扩增和基因序列测定。采用推导的氨基酸序列用Mega5.0软件构建种系发生树。结果 ML-13病毒可以在蚊虫细胞增殖,用OMRV和ToV-TJ病毒特异引物扩增出目的产物,序列分析显示,ML-13病毒与OMRV-AK4、ToV-TJ、OMRV-Y61、DTV、AsTV病毒衣壳蛋白和RNA依赖RNA聚合酶基因株相似性最高,分别为76%、75%、72%、67%和67%;与Toti病毒科中的DTV、ToV-TJ病毒和OMRV处于同一进化分支。结论云南省三带喙库蚊中分离的ML-13病毒为Toti病毒,这是我国首次从三带喙库蚊中分离到Toti病毒。     

Analysis of gamasid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with the Asian house rat, Rattus tanezumi (Rodentia: Muridae) in Yunnan Province, Southwest China

During a survey lasting from 1990 to 2008, we captured 4,113 Asian house rats, Rattus tanezumi Temminck 1844 (Rodentia: Muridae) from 28 counties of Yunnan Province in Southwestern China. From these rats, a total of 19,304 gamasid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) were collected and identified as comprising 50 different species. The species diversity of gamasid mites from this single rat species is higher than that reported previously from multiple hosts within a given geographical region. Of the 50 mite species, 31 species belonged to ectoparasites and 19 species belonged to free-living mites. The species diversity of the mites from rats trapped outdoors was much higher than from rats trapped indoors. The parameter K from the negative binomial distribution was used to measure the spatial distribution patterns of the dominant mite species and revealed that all the mites had an aggregated distribution among the rat hosts. Most mite species showed a predominantly female-biased population structure with many more females than males.     

我国地里纤恙螨的研究进展

地里纤恙螨是我国恙虫病的主要媒介恙螨之一,主要分布在我国的长江以南地区。本文从地里纤恙螨的研究历史、生活史、季节性变化、地域分布与宿主动物的选择、与疾病的关系、预防与控制等几方面进行了综述。     

细胞培养室空气中微生物种类、数量及药物敏感性分析

目的研究细胞培养室内空气中微生物种类及药物敏感性,人员操作前、后和采用紫外线照射或甲醛熏蒸消毒后数量变化情况。方法人员操作前、后及紫外线照射或甲醛熏蒸后采用自然沉降法对细胞培养室内空气进行采样,进行细菌培养和菌落计数,并鉴定微生物种类和药物敏感性。结果人员操作前、后和消毒后培养室内采集的空气样品经培养后分别有54、205和42个菌落生长,经鉴定为12属22种细菌和2种真菌,其中革兰阳性菌6属13种,革兰阴性菌6属9种,优势菌依次为藤黄微球菌(M.luteus)、解糖葡萄球菌(S.saccharolyticus)、西地西菌种-3(Cedecea.Spe-cies-3)和表皮葡萄球菌(S.epidermidis)。其中对测试抗生素无耐药性的细菌有4种,分别是藤黄微球菌、解糖葡萄球菌、西地西菌种-3和头状葡萄球菌头状亚种(S.capitis);对1、2和4种(或以上)种类抗生素耐药的细菌分别有4、4和8种。结论人员操作前、后细胞培养室内空气中细菌数量变化极大。细胞培养室内优势细菌对常见抗菌素尚敏感,紫外线照射和甲醛熏蒸均能减少细胞培养室内空气中微生物数量。