Seroprevalence investigation and genetic analysis of pseudorabies virus within pig populations in Henan province of China during 2018–2019

In late 2011, the outbreak of pseudorabies (PR) occurred in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig farms and spread rapidly to many provinces of China, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. A total of 4708 pig serum samples from Henan province during 2018–2019 were collected to screen for the presence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) gE-specific antibodies, and phylogenetic analysis based on the gE gene of PRV was performed. Of the 4708 serum samples tested, 30.14% (1419/4708) were seropositive for PRV antibodies, based on PRV gE-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with slaughterhouses having the highest seroprevalence. The seropositive rates of PRV also varied with the region and the season. Phylogenetic analysis showed that three PRV isolates from this study were clustered in an independent branch together with the Chinese variant PRV strains (after 2012), and had a closer genetic relationship with the Chinese variant PRV strains, but differed genetically from the 4 early Chinese PRV strains and 4 European-American strains. This study suggests that three PRV isolates may belong to PRV variants, and the development of a novel vaccine against PRV variants is particularly urgent.     

北京海淀区户籍与流动儿童少年家庭用餐及饮食教育情况调查

目的了解北京海淀区户籍与流动儿童少年家庭用餐及饮食教育状况,为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。方法采用二阶段分层随机整群抽样原则,选取北京海淀区969名中小学生作为研究对象,采用问卷调查法进行调查。结果儿童少年家庭就餐分别以“家里做饭”、“到餐馆用餐”、“购买外卖”、“热剩饭菜”和“吃方便面等方便食品”为主的比例分别为92．9％、3．0％、1．2％、1．4％和1．1％。58．1％的家庭用餐时“一家人都轻松自在地谈话,气氛活跃”（海淀区户籍儿童少年家庭的比例高于流动儿童少年家庭,P=0．001）;8．7％的家长“常利用进餐时间对孩子进行说教”（海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P〈0．05）;5．6％的家长“用餐时谈自己的事,不管孩子”（海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P〈0．01）;20．2％的家庭“边吃饭边看电视”;4．9％的家庭“进餐时气氛严肃,很少交谈”;而67．9％的儿童少年表示在意用餐的环境和气氛（海淀区户籍儿童少年的比例高于流动儿童少年,P=0．001）。户籍和流动儿童少年家庭食物的主要制作人均为母亲。32．2％的家长“当孩子考试成绩好或表现好时给予某些食物当作奖励或安慰”;10．8％的家长“在孩子吃了某些食物后,才会答应孩子别的请求或允许孩子做某件事”（海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P〈0．01）;33．3％的家长“经常提示或教育孩子吃某些食物”（海淀区户籍儿童少年家长的比例低于流动儿童少年家长,P〈0．05）;21．1％的家长“喜欢、经常吃某些食物”。结论海淀区户籍与流动儿童少年家庭在用餐及饮食教育方面存在诸多不合理现象,应积极采取措施对儿童少年及其家长进行干预,改变不合理行为。     

基层疾控机构实验室质量管理存在问题与立对举措

介绍了基层疾控机构实验室质量管理中存在的问题：一是实际运行与质量管理体系文件的要求不一致;二是重视实验室内检测过程,忽视其它环节的质量管理;三是质量管理人员经验不足,专业培训少;四是质量管理人员对其它专业领域知识了解较少。并就这些问题提出了完善管理体系,全员培训与重点岗位培训相结合。重视现场检测和其它环节的质量管理,重视客户意见,提高检测质量等对策建议。     

Construction and immunogenicity of a gE/gI/TK-deleted PRV based on porcine pseudorabies virus variant

Pseudorabies (PR) caused by re-emerging pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant has outbroken among PRV vaccine-immunized swine herds on many Chinese pig farms, with severe socioeconomic consequences since late 2011. Here, a gE/gI/TK-deleted recombinant virus (rPRV NY-gE⁻/gI⁻/TK⁻) was constructed based on PRV NY strain from 2012 through homologous DNA recombination and gene-editing technology termed clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated (Cas9) system. The rPRV NY-gE⁻/gI⁻/TK⁻ strain showed similar growth kinetics to the parental PRV NY strain in vitro, and was safe for mice. Sixty mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) twice with 10^6.0 TCID₅₀ of rPRV NY-gE⁻/gI⁻/TK⁻ and DMEM, respectively, with two-week interval. The levels of PRV gB antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against PRV NY in mice immunized with rPRV NY-gE⁻/gI⁻/TK⁻ were higher than those in the DMEM control group. The number of T lymphocyte subclasses CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ in rPRV NY-gE⁻/gI⁻/TK⁻-immunized mice was higher than that in DMEM-injected mice. After challenge with 10^6.0 TCID₅₀ PRV NY at 42 dpi, all rPRV NY-gE⁻/gI⁻/TK⁻-immunized mice survived without exhibiting any pathological lesions in different tissues and intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions of the brain, and the viral genomic copy numbers in various organs of mice were obviously lower than DMEM group. These results showed the rPRV NY-gE⁻/gI⁻/TK⁻ could be a promising next-generation vaccine to control now epidemic PR in China.     

德国小蠊对5种杀虫剂的抗药性测定

目的了解海淀区现场品系德国小蠊对常用杀虫剂的抗性水平,为合理选择用药提供依据。方法采用药膜接触法测定抗性水平。结果现场品系德国小蠊对氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、残杀威、乙酰甲胺磷和敌敌畏的抗性系数分别为7.033、.202、.907、.57和>13.13。结论海淀区德国小蠊对残杀威没有产生明显的抗药性,对溴氰菊酯产生了耐药性,而对氯氰菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷和敌敌畏产生了明显的抗药性。     

北京市海淀区585名自愿咨询检测者危险行为特征

目的了解2008～2010年北京市海淀区疾病预防控制中心艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)门诊部求询者危险行为特征和人口学信息、HIV感染状况,为今后更好的开展VCT服务提供参考。方法对2008～2010年期间,能够自愿接受调查的VCT求询者进行问卷调查及血清学检测,利用SPSS13.0软件进行统计描述。结果 3年间共有585位求询者接受了调查,其中男性514名,占87.86%(514/585),女性71名,占12.14%(71/585);年龄以20～40岁为主,共501人,占85.64%(501/585);大专以上学历者居多,占71.11%(416/585);因性行为而来求询的人数占85.81%(502/585),其中发生非婚异性性行为者占48.55%(284/585),男男同性性行为者(MSM)占35.56(208/585)。在有非婚异性性行为史的求询者中,31.34%(89/284)不使用安全套,MSM中有16.83%(35/208)的人发生过无保护性肛交。共有569位求询者接受了检测,HIV抗体阳性率为2.28%(13/569)。结论男性青年及有非婚性行为史者是今后艾滋病防控工作的重点人群,今后在加大艾滋病防控知识宣传的同时,要倡导正确的防艾生活方式。     

Size,Composition, and Strength of Ties of Personal Social Support Networks Among Adult People Living with HIV/AIDS in Henan and Beijing,China

To characterize the level of personal support available to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Henan and Beijing, China, face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information on network size, composition, and strength of ties. The number of people as sources of support for participants in Henan varied from 1 to 13 and 1 to 16 in Beijing. In Henan, family members were more likely to provide support than non-relatives and they provided support more frequently; in Beijing non-relatives were more likely to provide support than family members. Family members were closer to PLWHA than non-relatives in both sites, but the closest type of relative and non-relative supporters were different between Henan and Beijing. PLWHA in Henan and Beijing receive considerable social support, but there is still opportunity for additional social support. Efforts should be made to mobilize civil society to provide support for PLWHA in China.     

2009-2013年北京市海淀区食源性致病菌检测结果分析

目的 了解海淀区食品中食源性致病菌污染现状及动态变化趋势,为食源性疾病控制提供科学依据.方法 2009-2013年按照北京市监测网工作计划要求对海淀区采集的20类食品根据国标方法进行沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠埃希菌O157：H7/NM、空肠弯曲菌、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、阪崎肠杆菌等8种食源性致病菌检测.结果 在检测的19类822份食品中,共分离出4种52株食源性致病菌,总检出率为6.33％,其中副溶血性弧菌24株,金黄色葡萄球菌14株,单核细胞增生李斯特菌12株,创伤弧菌2株.结论 海淀区食品受到不同程度的致病菌污染,存在食物中毒和发生食源性疾病的隐患,应加强食品监督管理以减少可能引起食源性疾病的危险因素.     

Pandemic preparedness: different perspectives How ready are we for the next pandemic?

Europe is not ready for the next pandemic. Nonetheless, several positive developments are cause for optimism. The European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) was founded in May 2005 and has explicitly identified influenza as one of its top four priorities. Europe is also taking steps to streamline the regulatory approval of new vaccines during a pandemic. Europe can learn much from Canada. The Canadian public health authorities have focused on developing the infrastructure, procedures and acceptance for vaccination against the annual influenza epidemics as a means of strengthening pandemic preparedness. The Canadians are also stockpiling antiviral drugs. These drugs are an excellent way to bridge the gap between the appearance of a pandemic virus and the development of an effective vaccine against it. The World Health Organisation (WHO) is driving change on a global level and will table a pandemic preparedness plan at the next World Health Assembly. Preparing now, during the interpandemic period, is the best way to prepare for a pandemic.