广州市白云区居民疟疾知识、态度和行为及影响因素调查

目的了解白云区居民疟疾知识、态度和行为,并分析其影响因素,为本地疟疾防治工作提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法抽取白云区501名>15岁居民,问卷调查居民疟疾知识、态度和行为,应用Excel和SPSS 11.0进行数据录入和统计分析。结果调查人群疟疾知识总知晓率为61.48%,不同地区、年龄、文化程度人群知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素回归分析,影响居民掌握疟疾知晓知识的因素主要为年龄和文化程度,各因素的比值比分别为1.820、2.496。结论本地居民疟疾认知水平亟待提高,应重点加强对文化水平较低及中年人群的疟疾知识普及,针对性地开展健康教育活动。     

广州市白云区突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征

目的了解广州市白云区突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为有效预防和控制突发公共卫生事件的发生提供科学依据。方法应用描述性流行病学方法对2008-2012年广州市白云区报告突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果 2008-2012年广州市白云区共报告突发公共卫生事件54起,报告病例1 194例,死亡7例。传染病疫情48起(占88.89%),其中以甲型H1N1流感最多(29起,60.42%)。报告事件数最多的是2009年34起(占62.96%)。事件主要发生在6、9和12月份,共报告36起(占66.67%)。发生在学校的突发公共卫生事件31起(占57.41%)。从首例患者发病到报告的时间平均为5.60 d。结论广州市白云区突发公共卫生事件中呼吸道传染病类占居首位;学校学生中传染病疫情和食物中毒是突发事件的防控工作重点;早报告是控制突发事件的关键。     

一起由球腹蒲螨引起丘疹性荨麻疹暴发的流行病学分析

目的对一起由球腹蒲螨（Pyemote sventricosus）引起丘疹性荨麻疹暴发疫情进行流行病学分析。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,对病例及幼儿园环境进行调查,并经实验室镜检,找出本次疫情的致病因素。结果该疫情持续34d,共发生丘疹性荨麻疹病例100例,罹患率43.67%。通过对木椅的虫蛀部分镜检,发现是寄生其上的球腹蒲螨引起本次疫情的发生。结论本次疫情感染来源是寄生在蛀蚀幼儿坐椅中的加州粉蠹上的球腹蒲螨引起。提示使用木制家具的幼儿园应定期更换、清除所有被蠹虫蛀蚀的木制家具,以防类似事件的再发生。     

Tissue accumulation of cadmium following oral administration to metallothionein-null mice

To verify the roles of intestinal metallothionein (MT) as a barrier against ingested cadmium (Cd) and as a transporter of mucosal Cd to the kidneys, the distribution of orally administered Cd was compared between normal and MT-I and -II knock-out (MT-null) mice. Following single administration of a low dose of Cd (0.1 mg/kg), hepatic Cd levels and the sum of total Cd in the liver and kidney (K+L) were significantly less in the controls than in MT-null mice. The ratio of Cd in the kidney to the liver (K/L) was significantly lower in the MT-null mice. On the other hand, at a high Cd dose (2.0 mg/kg), K+L and K/L were not significantly different between the two groups. However, following oral pretreatment with zinc (Zn) to the high dose control mice, K+L significantly decreased and K/L significantly increased. No such effects of Zn pretreatment were observed in MT-null mice. Similar differences in K+L and K/L were also observed between the control and MT-null mice groups following the Zn pretreatment. Repeated administration of Cd for 4 weeks resulted in significantly larger K/L distribution in control mice over null mice. These results suggest that MT in the intestinal mucosa functions both as a protective barrier against Cd absorption and as an extracellular transporter of Cd to the kidney.