20℃低温稀释血停搏液心肌保护效果的实验研究

目的：研究20℃低温稀释血停搏液（20℃HBC）灌注结合体循环自然降温在心脏直视手术中的心肌保护效果。方法：将14条15－20kg成年杂种犬随机分成对照组和实验组（n=7)，雌雄不拘，实验组采用间断20℃HBC灌注，体温自然降至32－35摄氏度，对照组采用体循环主动降温：间断8－10摄氏度稀释血停搏液（CBC）灌注。于主动脉阻断前、后抽取右房血测乳酸脱氢酶（LDH），肌酸激酶同工酶（CK－MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTn-I)，取左心室心内膜下心肌观察超微结构变化，于主动脉阻断前、后监测心功能。结果：两组停搏液灌注后LDH，CK－MB,cTn-I均升高，实验组变化幅度小（P＜0．05）；实验组与对照组相比，灌注液对心功能影响较小，心肌超微结构损伤性变化不明显。结论：在体外循环过程中，与CBC相比，在心肌酶，cTn-I、心肌超微结构方面20℃HBC灌注对心肌有较好的保护作用。     

丹参素对豚鼠心室肌细胞L-型钙通道的影响

目的　研究丹参素对豚鼠心室肌细胞膜L 型钙通道的影响 ,探讨丹参素在离子通道水平的药理机制。方法　急性酶解法获得豚鼠的单个心肌细胞 ,用标准的全细胞膜片钳技术记录钙电流。结果　在保持电位 (Holdingpoten tial,HP)为 - 80mV ,预先去极化至 - 4 0mV ,再去极化至0mV ,波宽为 30 0mS的刺激参数下 ,可记录到一具有电压和时间依赖性内向的电流 ,当用含 1μmol/L硝苯地平的台氏液灌流时该电流被迅速消除 ,在灌流液中加入丹参素 1mg/mL和 10mg/mL ,1mg/mL组对钙电流无明显改变 (P >0 0 5 ,n =5 ) ,10mg/mL组使钙电流减少 [- (7 76± 0 85 )pA/pFvs - (2 6 2 6± 0 5 9)pA/pFP <0 0 5 ,n =8],并使心肌细胞钙电流 -电压曲线上移 ,原有的电流 -电压依赖特征不变。结论　丹参素浓度依赖性地抑制心肌L 型钙通道     

盐酸氨溴索注射剂不同给药途径在心脏手术围术期的临床应用

目的了解某院心脏手术患者围手术期盐酸氨溴索注射剂不同给药途径的用药情况,为临床合理使用该药提供参考。方法纳入行心脏手术的心外科患者,使用盐酸氨溴索注射剂的作为试验组,并按给药途径分为静脉组、雾化组和静脉联合雾化组(简称"联合组");未使用盐酸氨溴索注射剂的作为对照组。对比不同给药途径组患者术后肺部并发症(postoperative pulmonary complications,PPCs)的发生率、重插管发生率、总呼吸机使用时间、纤支镜吸痰率、好转率、ICU停留时间和总住院时间。结果共纳入916例患者,其中静脉组180例、雾化组104例、联合组524例、对照组108例。PPCs在心脏手术术后的总发生率为94.2%,不同给药途径组的PPCs发生率(P=0.977)无统计学差异;呼吸机使用时间仅对照组与联合组存在统计学差异(P<0.001),其他组之间无统计学差异(P>0.008);重插管率除雾化组无重插管病例,与其他各组的差异有统计学意义外,静脉组(6.0%)、联合组(6.1%)和对照组(11.1%)之间无统计学差异(P>0.008)。不同给药途径组的愈后好转率(P=0.320)无统计学差异;对于ICU停留时间,静脉组、雾化组和联合组的时间较对照组长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),其他各组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.008);对于纤支镜吸痰率,雾化组(0.0%)<对照组(0.9%)<静脉组(4.4%)<联合组(7.6%);对于总住院时间(P<0.001),中位住院天数对照组(15 d)<静脉组(19 d)<雾化组(21 d)≈联合组(21 d)。结论不同给药途径的盐酸氨溴索注射剂对患者的术后临床结局影响无明显差异,需设计前瞻性试验进一步验证。     

A new CERAD total score with equally weighted z-scores and additional executive and non-amnestic „CERAD-Plus“ tests enhances cognitive diagnosis in patients with Parkinson's disease: Evidence from the LANDSCAPE study

IntroductionThe Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) is a renowned cognitive test battery, which has been extended in its German version to the CERAD-Plus including tests of executive functions and processing speed. The most commonly used total score (TS) is based on the restricted CERAD version and reflects the sum of selected raw-values (Chandler et al., 2005). The CERAD-Plus extensions might be of particular diagnostic utility for cognitive assessments in Parkinson's Disease (PD), as executive functions and processing speed belong to the most vulnerable domains in PD.ObjectiveThe aim was to develop a CERAD-TS based on the extended CERAD-Plus' age-, gender-, and education-corrected z-scores and to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy compared to the established CERAD-Chandler-TS.MethodsBaseline data of n = 679 patients with PD (69% male, n = 277 PD without cognitive impairment, n = 307 PD-MCI, n = 95 PD-D) from the multicenter, prospective DEMPARK/LANDSCAPE study were analyzed. ROC-analyses were conducted for four different TS that were either based on the original CERAD or CERAD-Plus, on raw-values or z-scores, and equally-weighted or based on factor scores. AUC-comparisons were conducted to determine the best yet most parsimonious TS.ResultsThe newly designed CERAD-Plus-TS based on equally-weighted z-scores outperformed both the CERAD-Chandler-TS and cognitive screening instruments when differentiating between individuals with PD of varying cognitive impairment (0.78 ≤ AUC ≤ 0.98).ConclusionResults suggest a high relevance of non-amnestic subscales for the cognitive assessment in PD populations. The proposed CERAD-Plus-TS needs further validation. The extensions might offer diagnostic potential for non-PD populations as well.     

Multi-scale graph-based grading for Alzheimer’s disease prediction

The prediction of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who will progress to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is clinically relevant, and may above all have a significant impact on accelerating the development of new treatments. In this paper, we present a new MRI-based biomarker that enables us to accurately predict conversion of MCI subjects to AD. In order to better capture the AD signature, we introduce two main contributions. First, we present a new graph-based grading framework to combine inter-subject similarity features and intra-subject variability features. This framework involves patch-based grading of anatomical structures and graph-based modeling of structure alteration relationships. Second, we propose an innovative multiscale brain analysis to capture alterations caused by AD at different anatomical levels. Based on a cascade of classifiers, this multiscale approach enables the analysis of alterations of whole brain structures and hippocampus subfields at the same time. During our experiments using the ADNI-1 dataset, the proposed multiscale graph-based grading method obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 81% to predict conversion of MCI subjects to AD within three years. Moreover, when combined with cognitive scores, the proposed method obtained 85% of AUC. These results are competitive in comparison to state-of-the-art methods evaluated on the same dataset.     

Brain multigraph prediction using topology-aware adversarial graph neural network

Brain graphs (i.e, connectomes) constructed from medical scans such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become increasingly important tools to characterize the abnormal changes in the human brain. Due to the high acquisition cost and processing time of multimodal MRI, existing deep learning frameworks based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) focused on predicting the missing multimodal medical images from a few existing modalities. While brain graphs help better understand how a particular disorder can change the connectional facets of the brain, synthesizing a target brain multigraph (i.e, multiple brain graphs) from a single source brain graph is strikingly lacking. Additionally, existing graph generation works mainly learn one model for each target domain which limits their scalability in jointly predicting multiple target domains. Besides, while they consider the global topological scale of a graph (i.e., graph connectivity structure), they overlook the local topology at the node scale (e.g., how central a node is in the graph). To address these limitations, we introduce topology-aware graph GAN architecture (topoGAN), which jointly predicts multiple brain graphs from a single brain graph while preserving the topological structure of each target graph. Its three key innovations are: (i) designing a novel graph adversarial auto-encoder for predicting multiple brain graphs from a single one, (ii) clustering the encoded source graphs in order to handle the mode collapse issue of GAN and proposing a cluster-specific decoder, (iii) introducing a topological loss to force the prediction of topologically sound target brain graphs. The experimental results using five target domains demonstrated the outperformance of our method in brain multigraph prediction from a single graph in comparison with baseline approaches.     

Diets high in glycemic index and glycemic load are associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean women

Background and aimsAccurate estimation of the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of diets is essential when assessing health implications of dietary GI and GL. The present study aimed to estimate dietary GI and GL utilizing the updated GI tables with a large number of new, reliable GI values and assess their associations with metabolic syndrome among Korean adults.Methods and resultsWe analyzed data from 3317 men and 6191 women for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined based on the harmonized criteria with Korean-specific cutoffs for waist circumference. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Compared with women in the lowest quintiles of energy-adjusted dietary GI and GL, women in the highest quintiles had significantly greater risks of metabolic syndrome (GI, OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.18–2.06; GL, OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.27–2.57), elevated blood pressure, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, both GI and GL), elevated triglycerides (GI only), elevated waist circumference, and elevated fasting glucose (GL only). Among men, no significant association was noted except for a higher risk of reduced HDL-C (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.01–2.29) in the highest quintile of energy-adjusted dietary GI than in the lowest quintile.ConclusionOur findings suggest that dietary GI and GL are positively associated with metabolic syndrome risk among women, but not men, in Korea.     

理性选择机械瓣膜和生物瓣膜

人工心脏瓣膜置换是严重瓣膜病变的主要外科治疗手段之一。机械瓣膜因耐久性好、无需再次手术等优点而广泛应用。随着医疗技术的进步,生物瓣膜因无需终身抗凝、使用寿命长等优势冲击着机械瓣的应用地位。然而,如何正确地选择人工瓣膜种类,尤其是对于55~65周岁的患者如何把握生物瓣的使用仍是困扰外科的一大难题,本文就如何理性选择人工瓣膜种类提供更有效、更科学的依据。     

Differentiation of Rabbit Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Myogenic Cells and Expression of VEGF After Gene Transfection

INTRODUCTIONOriginally identified as a source of osteoprogenitorcells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) coulddifferentiate to adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblastsand myoblasts in vitro and undergo differentiation invivo[1], making these stem cells promising candidates formesodermal defect repair and disease management.MSCs have been proposed as an alternative source forthe regeneration of myocardium. There were severalclinical studies of MSCs' effects on ischemic heartdisease[2]. However…