Newly developed techniques in andrology, endoscopy of the vas deference and a new imaging technique for in situ localization of vital spermatozoa

During the past decade, endourology represents the most advanced tech-nology in urology which has provided mi- nimal invasive diagnostic and therapeutic tool for patients with urology diseases. However, because of the much smaller lumen of genital tract, endoscopic andro-logy remained a dream for andrologists until the first clinical application of vesicu-loscopy in laser lithotripsy of seminal vesi-cle stones in 2006. Lately, Dr Trottmann at Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany, for the first time established vasoscopy in the seminal duct using a new prototype of a microendoscope and also applied a new imaging technique for in situ localization of vital spermatozoa. These newly developed techniques will greatly speed up the clinical practice of endoandrology.     

遗传性视神经病变患者临床表型及基因检测多态性分析——单中心队列研究

目的 分析临床常见遗传性视神经病变(HON)患者基因突变的基因型及临床表现的多样性.方法 2013年5月～2021年10月本院神经眼科中心纳入的拟诊遗传性视神经病变患者,经二代基因测序分析与疾病相关的线粒体环状DNA基因突变,并进行多态性分析.结果 537例拟诊HON患者,其中遗传性视网膜病变88例(16.4％)、视神...     

Induction of systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome in BALB／c mice by immunization with active chromatin

AIM: To establish an animal model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome in mice. METHODS:BALB/c mice were immunized with active chromatin isolated from ConA-actived syngeneic spleno-lymphocytes.Plasma samples of mice were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for the presence of IgG anti-dsDNA, -ssDNA, and anti-histone antibodies. Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum was measured by ELISA. Spleno-lymphocyte proliferation assays and the levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in supematants were tested respectively. Proteinuria was measured. Kidneys were examined by direct immunohistochemical method and fight microscopy. RESULTS： Anti-ds DNA, ssDNA, and histone antibodies were induced in active chromatin-immunized mice, the proliferation response of splenocytes to ConA and LPS were reduced, levels of interferon-γ in supernatants and TNF-at in serum were lowered. Lupus nephritis was assessed by the presence of Ig deposits,glomerular pathology and proteinuria. CONCLUSION: The active chromatin-induced SLE-like mouse model was similar to idiopathic SLE in human.     

Association of apolipoprotein E 4 polymorphism with cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population

AIM: To study the association between APOE polymorphisms and cerebral infarction through a case-control study among the Chinese Han population. METHODS: First-ever cerebral infarction patients (n=226) whose ages ranged from 40 to 60 years old were recruited from Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, and Zhejiang Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Zhejiang, China. Unrelated healthy controls (n=201) were selected from the general population in the same area with similar age and sex distribution. APOE was amplified by one-stage PCR using the forward primer: 5‘-GGC ACG GCT GTC CAA GGA GCT-3‘ and reverse primer: 5‘-GAT GGC GCT GAG GCC GCG CT-3′. The PCR product was digested directly with 5 U of CfoI and separated by a 20 % polyacryla-mide (acrylamide: bis-acrylamide=29:1) nondenaturing gel. RESULTS: Both cerebral infarction patient and control groups were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allele frequency of APOE*2, APOE*3, and APOE*4 was 4.6 %,81.9 %, and 13.5 % respectively in the patients with cerebral infarction; 5.7 %, 87.3 %, and 7.0 % respectively in the healthy control group. Compared with APOE3/3 subjects, APOE4/4 carriers had a 2.1-fold risk of cerebral infarction (odds ratio 2.1, 95 % confidence limits 1.3 to 3.4). The allele frequency of APOE*4 in the cerebral infarction patient group was significantly higher than that in the control group (13.5 % vs 7.0 %; P=0.002).CONCLUSION: APOE 4 is a risk factor for cerebral infarction among the Chinese Han population.     

Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor expression by RNA interference in A549 cells

AIM: To investigate the biological features of A549 cells in which epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors expression were suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi). METHODS: A549 cells were transfected using short small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) formulated with Lipofectamine 2000. The EGF receptor numbers were determined by Western blotting and flowcytometry. The antiproliferative effects of sequence specific double stranded RNA (dsRNA) were assessed using cell count, colony assay and scratch assay. The chemosensitivity of transfected cells to cisplatin was measured by MTT. RESULTS: Sequence specific dsRNA-EGFR down-regulated EGF receptor expression dramatically. Compared with the control group, dsRNA-EGFR reduced the cell number by 85.0 %, decreased the colonies by 63.3 %, inhibited the migration by 87.2 %, and increased the sensitivity of A549 to     

直肠癌新辅助放化疗研究问题探讨

新辅助放化疗已成为局部进展期直肠癌的标准治疗模式,如何在这个模式下选择适合放化疗的患者,评估治疗价值以及对术后病理指导治疗模式的改变,都是目前研究的热点。     

社区家庭照护患者的老年综合征研究

目的研究社区家庭病床患者老年综合征患病率。方法采用老年综合评估和常规的医学评估两种方法对60名65岁以上患有多种慢性疾病的社区家庭病床的老年患者进行老年综合征的患病率评估。结果60名老年患者,年龄67～94岁,平均年龄（79．84-2．1）岁,其中男28人,女32人,患有已明确诊断的慢性病有（6．6±2.0）种。老年综合评估为认知功能减退19例（31．7％）,抑郁症状10例患者（16．6％）,生活活动功能下降22例（36．7％）,在最近1年跌倒16例（26．7％）,尿失禁17例（28．3％）。而常规的医学评估,有明确的认知障碍者2例（3．3％）,抑郁症1例（1．7％）活动功能下降8例（13．3％）,跌倒2例（3．3％）,尿失禁3例（5％）,经过配对卡方检验,与老年综合评估方法比较,P值均〈0．05,差异有统计学意义。结论老年综合征在社区家庭照护老年患者中有较高的患病率,常规的医学评估容易忽视这些症状,推荐常规使用老年综合评估的方法进行检查。     

低氧增强小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞CD73表达

目的：探讨低氧对小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞系bEnd.3细胞CD73的表达及活性的影响。 方法： ①构建bEnd.3细胞低氧模型。②用乳酸脱氢酶检测试剂盒测定细胞上清液中乳酸脱氢酶的含量。③高压液相层析法检测细胞 CD73的活性。④半定量RT-PCR法检测细胞CD73的mRNA表达。⑤生物素化bEnd.3细胞表面蛋白，继而用免疫沉淀及Western blot方法检测CD73蛋白表达。 结果： ①低氧24 h之后bEnd.3细胞乳酸脱氢酶漏出显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01)。②低氧能刺激bEnd.3细胞表面CD73的酶活性增高，并呈时间依赖性(P＜0.05)。③低氧4 h、8 h，bEnd.3细胞CD73 mRNA表达增加（P＜0.05）。④低氧12 h、24 h，bEnd.3细胞表面CD73蛋白表达增加（P＜0.05）。 结论： 低氧刺激小鼠脑微血管内皮细胞bEnd.3 CD73 mRNA、蛋白水平及酶活性的提高。