Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is a common, usually self-limited infection of early adulthood. The disease is manifested by pharyngitis, adenopathy, and atypical lymphocytosis. The diagnosis is commonly confirmed using the heterophil antibody screen. Specific antibody testing is occasionally necessary. The differential diagnosis includes other viral, bacterial, and protozoan infections. Concomitant group A streptococcal infections should be treated. However, ampicillin or amoxicillin should not be used for treatment because these drugs may provoke a diffuse skin eruption. Immediate complications of mononucleosis include airway obstruction, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatitis. Splenic enlargement is typical. Splenic rupture must be considered in infected patients presenting with abdominal pain and requires immediate supportive measures and surgical intervention. Long-term complications associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection include chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection, lymphoproliferative disorders, oral hairy leukoplakia, and chronic fatigue syndrome.     

Catalpol Promotes the Survival and VEGF Secretion of Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells and Their Role in Myocardial Repair After Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation has been recognized as an effective method for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, its efficacy is always restricted by the low survival of transplanted BMSCs in the ischemic myocardium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of catalpol pre-treatment on the survival and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion of BMSCs under oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) condition and their role in myocardial repair in a rat model of MI. According to our results, pre-treatment with catalpol enhanced VEGF secretion and survival of OGD-treated BMSCs. Moreover, the apoptosis of BMSCs induced by OGD was restrained by catalpol as evidenced by increased level of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and decreased levels of BCL2-associated X (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3. In vivo study suggested that the survival of transplanted BMSCs was improved by catalpol pre-treatment. The myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis was further inhibited in catalpol pre-treated BMSCs group. Cardiac function detected by echocardiography was obviously improved by catalpol pre-treated BMSCs transplantation. Finally, angiogenesis and VEGF expression in the ischemic myocardium were significantly promoted in catalpol pre-treated BMSCs group. In conclusion, catalpol pre-treatment may facilitate the survival and VEGF secretion of BMSCs and improve their therapeutic effect on MI.     

武警官兵高温高湿环境下执行抗洪救灾任务发病规律分析

 

目的 分析高温高湿环境下抗洪救灾武警官兵的发病规律,为今后在类似抢险任务时科学配置卫勤保障人员和医疗资源提供一定参考。方法 收集2016年参加抗洪救灾武警官兵的就诊资料,参照国际疾病分类标准ICD-10,采用Excel表格进行整理和分析。结果 共计1796人次就诊,1745例有效病历资料,1921例单病种;皮肤科(709例)、外科(616例)、内科(274例)就诊人次最多;皮肤科单病种中湿疹(142例)、皮炎(94例)、毛囊炎(80例)、足癣(79例)例数较多,外科单病种中关节损伤(238例)和肌肉软组织损伤(242例)最多,内科单病种中上呼吸道感染(117例)、肠(胃)炎(39例)、胃-食管炎(22例)例数相对较多;救灾初期皮肤病较多,5 d总例数占50%以上(57.53%),随着任务进展,皮肤病比例逐渐减少,外科训练伤就诊比例逐渐增多,在救灾末期达到最多(49.69%),内科疾病在整个任务期间比例大致持平(10%～18%)。结论 分析抗洪救灾武警官兵的疾病谱及发病规律,对今后在类似灾害卫勤保障时合理抽组人员及配置医疗资源有重要意义。

     

Attachment Style and the Association of Spanking and Child Externalizing Behavior

ObjectiveTo examine whether the longitudinal associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior are moderated by attachment style.MethodsThis study used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 2211), a large cohort sample of low-income urban families. Multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged models examined the associations between maternal spanking and child externalizing behavior when children were ages 1, 3, and 5. Moderation by attachment style was examined using structural invariance testing.ResultsFor children with an insecure mother-child attachment style, spanking at age 1 was associated with externalizing behavior at age 3. However, for children with a secure mother-child attachment style, the association between maternal spanking at age 1 and child externalizing behavior at age 3 was absent. Attachment style did not moderate the association between maternal spanking at age 3 and externalizing behavior at age 5, suggesting that spanking at age 3 is associated with deleterious outcomes at age 5, regardless of attachment style.ConclusionsResults suggest that even in the context of a secure attachment style, spanking is associated with adverse outcomes in early childhood. Findings support the American Academy of Pediatrics 2018 policy statement, which encourages parents to avoid spanking when disciplining children. Results suggest that children, regardless of attachment style, may benefit from policies and services that promote non-violent forms of discipline.     

Nursing process education: A review of methods and characteristics

The concepts of the nursing process have been assigned as important plans for the curricula and continuing education programs in the nursing discipline. This paper focuses on the main characteristics of the educational methods applied in training programs in the nursing process or nursing care plan. The original studies were extracted from the PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Science Direct and, Web of Science databases, following two-step screening by two reviewers. Accordingly, 21 papers were included in the study based on inclusion criteria. According to the results, 42.85% of educational methods were computer-based while 57.15% were non-computer based. Computers were used as the main educator (14.28%) or as an assisted-tool (25.57%). The lecture-based training, as one of the non-computer based educational tools, was the most frequent method observed across the studies (33.3%). There are two frequently used measures of evaluating the educational programs learner's knowledge of nursing process (28.75%) and their attitude toward the program (23.80%). The results suggested that in order to improve educational methods for the nursing process, computers, mobile phones, and other available technologies should be integrated with the traditional educational methods. Also, comprehensive measures should be applied for evaluating them.     

护士健康自我管理研究进展

护士作为临床一线工作者,特殊的24小时轮班制工作模式和高压力、高负荷的护理工作对护士健康造成影响。近年来,我国护士亚健康发生率逐年上升,对护士群体生理和生理健康产生严重威胁。目前我国护士健康自我管理研究局限在行为管理,从认知、环境多方面整体研究较少,本文从护士自我健康管理认知、行为、环境和职业护士健康自我管理测评工具综述护士健康自我管理现状和提升策略,确定支持和改善护士健康自我管理的干预措施和以证据为基础的实践,今后的研究可进行护士健康自我管理认知、行为、环境整体的现况调查及影响因素,为护士群体制定自我健康管理策略提供支持和指导,为管理者提升护士健康状况提供依据,从而降低我国护士亚健康发生率。