氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后的关系

目的探讨氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后的关系。方法选取2008年1月至2012年10月山东省即墨市人民医院行有创通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭患者75例,其中死亡28例,设为死亡组,存活47例,设为存活组;比较两组患者行有创通气治疗前急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅲ评分、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分,治疗1、3、7 d后氧合指数(Pa O2/Fi O2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)及p H值等血气分析指标水平。结果存活组和死亡组患者行有创通气治疗前急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅲ(APACHEⅢ)评分和多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组和死亡组患者治疗1 d后Pa O2/Fi O2、Pa CO2及p H水平组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗3、7 d后Pa CO2和p H水平组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但死亡组患者治疗3、7 d后Pa O2/Fi O2水平明显低于存活组(P<0.05);存活组和死亡组在治疗后不同时间(1、3、7 d)的Pa O2/Fi O2和Pa CO2比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后关系密切,可作为临床评价重要参考指标之一。     

Effectiveness of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against radiographic pneumonia among children in rural Bangladesh: A case-control study

BackgroundPneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) effectiveness against radiographic pneumonia in South Asia is unknown. Bangladesh introduced PCV10 in 2015 using a three dose primary series (3 + 0). We sought to measure PCV10 effectiveness for two or more vaccine doses on radiographic pneumonia among vaccine-eligible children in rural Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted a matched case-control study over two years from 2015 to 2017 using clinic and community controls in three subdistricts of Sylhet, Bangladesh. Cases were vaccine eligible 3–35 month olds at Upazila Health Complex outpatient clinics with World Health Organization-defined radiographic primary endpoint pneumonia (radiographic pneumonia). Clinic controls were matched to cases within a one week time window by age, sex, and clinic and had an illness unlikely to be Streptococcus pneumoniae; community controls were healthy and similarly matched within a one week time window by age and sex, and distance from the clinic. We estimated adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) using conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe matched 1262 cases with 2707 clinic and 2461 community controls. Overall, aVE using clinic controls was 21.4% (95% confidence interval, −0.2%, 38.4%) for ≥2 PCV10 doses and among 3–11 month olds was 47.3% (10.5%, 69.0%) for three doses. aVE increased with higher numbers of doses in clinic control sets (p = 0.007). In contrast, aVE using community controls was 7.6% (95% confidence interval, −22.2%, 30.0%) for ≥2 doses. We found vaccine introduction in the study area faster and less variable than expected with 75% coverage on average, which reduced power. Information bias may also have affected community controls.ConclusionsClinic control analyses show PCV10 prevented radiographic pneumonia in Bangladesh, especially among younger children receiving three doses. While both analyses were underpowered, community control enrollment – compared to clinic controls – was more difficult in a complex, pluralistic healthcare system. Future studies in comparable settings may consider alternative study designs.     

Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea on retinal microvascular function: a randomised controlled trial

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Retinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction is thought to be of importance in the development of ocular vascular diseases....